College drop-outs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

College drop-outs - Essay Example While there are certain behaviors that are overtly recognizable as racism and bullying, and are hence forbidden by the colleges, many more behaviors actually qualify as racism and bullying and are yet not easily recognizable as such. These days, immigrants make a significant proportion of students in colleges. They are subject to racism and bullying because of their cultural, religious, and ethnic differences from the native students. Native students also expose the outsiders to racism and bullying because of their xenophobia. Different students deal with racism and bullying in different ways depending upon their previous life experiences, personality and behavior in general. Some are too weak to take it and hence, consider dropping-out of colleges. This not only displays a lack of strength on the part of such students, but also reveals their short-sightedness as they tend to compromise upon something that would benefit them in the long run because of such menial challenges. Fees of highly reputable colleges and universities these days are sky-high. Many students have to work in order to finance their education. This is typically observed in the case of foreign students. They work along with studying to be able to afford their residence, and other expenses in addition to education in the host country. This definitely requires a lot of time and effort on the part of such students. Even if they find time to study in a part-time course, the physically and emotionally demanding jobs drain all energy out of them, thus leaving them very unmotivated to study. Many students eventually drop-out of colleges in order to be able to give more time to their jobs and earn money, what really matters to them. Many young people these days draw inspiration from computer giants and billionaire entrepreneurs. Education is required the most when an individual seeks employment, but to establish a business, higher education is not necessarily required. Such young people consider dropp ing out of the universities in an attempt to get on a fast track to a successful business. Names like Dell, Gates, and Jobs give star power to the myth of successful dropouts. â€Å"One recent New York Times homage to the phenomenon compared dropping out to "lighting out for the territories to strike gold," with one young executive describing it as "almost a badge of honor" among startup entrepreneurs† (Zimmer). This story, like all myths, has a kernel of truth. Sometimes, the determination, intelligence, and hard work of an individual fills the void created by lack of a college degree. But such cases are, more often than not, a matter of chance and fortune. Such successful entrepreneurs know the way to self-education in the required field, acquire bank loans, and manage their resources effectively. Besides, a network of family, acquaintances, and friends is there for help and support. It is insane to drop-out of college out of such inspiration because by dropping-out, the st udents are putting too much at stake. Students drop-out of colleges because of different reasons, three of which namely, racism and bullying, work-life imbalance, and inspiration from entrepreneurs have been discussed in this paper. Racism and bullying is experienced by students in colleges in general and by foreign students in particular. Some students drop-out of

Cultural Representations of Social Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Representations of Social Class - Essay Example The conjoined value of all of these parameters plays a part in defining the nature of the culture. So, when all the parameters have been decided; the culture plays a role in impacting the social class and the pride within the different social classes. The concept of culture is an amalgam of the different elements, which include the basal ideas of class, constructs, the norms, values and artifacts. All of these elements have a defined impact on the different sections of the society. The elementary constructs of social class are built on all of these fundamental points (Boas, 1940). An upper class construct is associated with the attachment to refined kinds of ideas. They tend to be more superfluous in nature with the importance being given to a lot of activities. The upper class has a certain set of the norms, values, constructs and ideas that form the crux of fundamental elements. An upper social construct would have all of these values that are consequential to it. The lower construct has certain attributes that have certain norms, values, artifacts and systems of action. The human beings are beings who have the quality of experiential learning (Lewis, 1964). So, it is potentially easy for an individual to move from a lower soci ety to the higher society by the learning of certain kinds of values that are essentially a part of the system of the social set-up. The some cannot be said about the migration from upper calls to a lower class. These are the reasons for the inability of the movement from the upper to lower class. The culture is divided in a general way, either in the form of refined culture or the culture that is not refined in nature. So, the formation of the social constructs is inherent to the definition of culture. This can be comprehended by the general meaning of culture which is a combination of the values, ideas, norms and the artifacts

Wireless Communication Impact on Business

Wireless Communication Impact on Business Technology means invention of techniques and tools. Emerging technology will change the world drastically. As the world continues to move, so does the improvement of technology. Every year discard light on improvements to yesterdays devices and new innovations appearing on the scope. Many scientific events have become possible through technologies which assist humans to do many things we could not do otherwise. Day to day new technologies is emerging very rapidly. New technologies those are currently developing or will be developed over the next few years, and which will substantially alter the business and social environment. These include information technology, wireless data communication, bio-technologies, bio-informatics, man-machine communications, and advanced robotics. Emerging technologies are constantly being developed in order to meet the needs of companies and people. Some of emerging technologies for this year are Bio-electronics and wetware, energy harvesting, printed e lectronics, biofeedback and thought control of electronics, plastic memory, resistive RAM, various battery technologies, single cell analysis, and neutron control. Technology runs in the layers of society. It is one of the fuels that drive our lives. We would discuss two of emerging technologies and its impact on business and society briefly. Introduction An Emerging Technology is a common term used to represent major technological developments, introducing new revolutions in the earlier technologies. Emerging Technologies are the technical innovations which signify progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage. Examples of present emerging technologies are Wireless Communication, Nano technology, Biotechnology, Artificial Intelligence Wireless Energy Transfer, robotics and etc. Emerging Technologies has severe impact on business and society. However, the level of impact on business and society may vary from technology to technology. The way we do our business and live our lives would be much different if the technologies are not continuously changing. Because of Emerging technologies, business has been able to progress in such a way that we can communicate across the globe without leaving their respective offices. Example Web conferencing, Teleconferencing. The entertainment media has progressed because of advancement in technology only. The latest technological advances are not only limited to business but also has severe impact on society. Emerging technology has affected the way we live in many ways. Example: Medical technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) etc. Because of these technologies, we live our lives very comfortably. Technology has brought luxury in the life of the common man. It has saved human effort and time to a large extent. It has brought distant place closer and simplified information access. Emerging technologies has both pros and cons. Emerging Technology I Wireless Communication: Wireless Communication means transfer of information from one place (location) to another place (location) without using wires or electrical conductors. The distance between the locations may be short or long. When the information transferring between two locations without using wires is clear then the term is referred as wireless. In general Wireless communication is considered as a branch of telecommunications. The marginalized technology for wireless communication is wired communication. Wireless System has more propagation and transmission effects compared to wired system. In the olden days of wireless telegraphy, Marconi proved that wireless signals can be cross over the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Now a days we are not using radio technology to cover large distances. Because of developments in digital electronics and signal processing, so many methods are there to overcome the differences of the mobile channel and thereby accelerating the growth of wireless communication. In addition advanced digital modulation techniques such as spread spectrum or multi carrier modulation (MCM) is suitable for wireless communication. Many new developments in wireless office networks (Hyper LAN or IEEE 802.11) involve spread spectrum transmission, and allow coexistence with other services, Bluetooth and many proprietary solutions use deregulated (ISM) radio bands. Spread spectrum transmission methods i nclude slow and fast frequency hopping, direct sequence CDMA and multi carrier CDMA. Spread spectrum signals are relatively vigorous to multipath dispersion. These methods permit multiple users to share the same radio channel. In future Wireless communication networks or multimedia networks, the multiple access issue becomes significantly more essential than it is for circuit switched voice communication. The ALOHA, CSMA and ISMA all allow multiple users to share the same radio communication resources. How these protocols perform substantially for guided (wired) and an unguided (radio) channels? Performance of these protocols highly depends on the physical propagation characteristics of the channel. (Jean-Paul M.G. Linnartz, 1996-2004) Examples of wireless communication are Cellular telephones and pagers, Cordless computer peripherals, Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite television, Wireless gaming, Wireless networking and Consumer two way radio including General Mobile Radio Service and Citizens band radios. Cellular communication has modernized the communication industry. In wireless communication Radio Frequency (RF) waves, Electromagnetic (EM) waves, Infrared rays (IR) and microwaves can carry over a part or the entire communication path. Wireless communication can be via: Radio frequency communication. Microwave communication, for example line of sight propagation via highly directional antennas. Infrared (IR) short range communication, for example from remote controls or via Infrared Data Association (IDA). (Wireless Communication, Accessed on April 5th, 2010) Categories: Radio Communication system Amateur radio Land Mobile Radio or Professional Mobile Radio: TETRA, P25, Open Sky, EDACS, DMR. Cordless telephony: DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) Cellular Networks: 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G Beyond 3G (4G), Future wireless Short range point to point communication: Wireless microphones, Remote controls, AIRD, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), Wireless USB, DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications), near field communication. Wireless Networks: Wireless LAN (WLAN), IEEE branded as Wi-Fi and Hiper LAN, Wireless Metropolitan Area networks (WMAN) and Broad band fixed Access (BWA) (LMDS, WiMAX, AIDAAS and HiperMAN). Wireless sensor networks: Bluetooth, TransferJet, ZigBee, EnOcean, Personal area networks, Ultra-wideband (UWB from WiMedia Alliance). Advantages: To make available of a backup communication link in case of a regular network failure. To cover a distance away from the capabilities of distinctive cabling. To connect portable or transitory workstations. To surmount situations where standard cabling is not easy or economically unfeasible. To remotely connect mobile users or networks. Disadvantages: Fading Inter and Intra cell interference Capturing effects In wireless networks the above disadvantages are present and considerably influence the performance, such as throughput, stability and delay for a wireless ALOHA-net. Also, the performance seen by each participating terminal differs from the average performance of the network and extremely depends on the terminals location. (Jean-Paul M.G. Linnartz, 1996-2004) Two common assumptions for wire line networks must be refined for the realistic analysis of the performance of wireless networks: If there is no collision occurs simultaneously on the same channel then the data packet is received successfully. Data packets will be lost if they are involved in a collision. Some specific solutions are existing effectively to resolve collisions; they include the tree algorithm, the stack algorithm and dynamic frame length ALOHA. The combined use of CDMA and random access directs to new system concepts. (Jean-Paul M.G. Linnartz, 1996-2004) Applications: The main application of wireless communication is omnipresent network connectivity. Point-to-Point communication, Point-to-multi point communication, Broadcasting, Cellular networks, Security systems, Television remote control, Cellular telephone (phones and modems) Computer interface devices and Other wireless networks. Impact of Wireless communication on business: Wireless communication technology can have a significant impact on business. Wireless communication is also known as Wi-Fi (Wireless fidelity) or WLAN (wireless local area network), uses low-power radio waves to transmit data over distances from one device to another without the use of wires, allowing senders and recipients to access information while on the move. Especially for business, Wi-Fi is invaluable as it allows the boss, who travels frequently, to stay in touch with his employees back at the office. Because of Wireless communication more individuals started work from home. The rapid development of wireless communication is primarily through cell phones and wireless internet. The wireless communication revolution is bringing fundamental changes to data networking, telecommunications, and is making integrated networks a reality. By freeing the user from the cord, personal communication networks, wireless LANs, mobile radio networks and cellular systems, harbour the promise of fully distributed mobile computing and communications, anytime, anywhere. E-mail and company web sites are advantageous communication technology for businesses. Businesses that use these electronic communication tools are able to expand their market place. Because of raising growth of wireless technologies, allow access to the networks for the workplace community. So that customers, clients and employees want network and service from different places of the company. There has been considerable interest lately for all businesses to set up mobile computing workplaces for their employees and also mobile computing for other functions of the business from distributors, suppliers and service providers. Recently industries have made significant progress in wireless technology to determine some constraints. Because of this wireless technologies become popular. Some of these constraints have included different standards, low bandwidth, and high infrastructure and service cost. Wireless technologies can both support the organizational company mission and offer cost effective solutions. Because of Wireless technologies so many new applications are there such as to connect computers, to permit remote monitoring and data acquisition, to provide con trol and security, and to provide a solution for environments where wires may not be the best implementation. (My Wireless Business Accessed on 19 Mar 2010) Overusing technology in business communication can lead to an overload in overusing communication. Messages began to lose importance with communication overload. Personal use of communication technology in the workplace lost time for businesses. Creating rules for use of communication technology reduces the amount of lost time a business suffers from this problem. Impact of Wireless Communication on Society: The development of wireless technology and wireless devices accessing of information can be possible approximately anywhere and people can be in touch with one another in various places. Wireless technology has both advantages and disadvantages. Wireless Technology is responsible for creating self doubt, disrupting relationships and as a tool for manipulation. However, the market for wireless devices, whether there is everywhere mobile phone, PDAs or wireless enabled computers and appliances, continues to grow and develop with new technologies emerging every day. The rapid development of wireless communication is primarily through cell phones and wireless internet over the past 15 years. Because of mobile phone so many changes in society. It has changed the way of communication between the people. In a home atmosphere, wireless technology simplifies various tasks which can eventually lead to less stress. A wireless network can do many things or plenty of work in a cool environment. Most inventions in history affect society for decades following its introduction in to the consumer market. Sometimes the consequences and side effects of a product do not become apparent until much later when there is more time for the social impact to catch up with the widespread use of the product. This is no exception with wireless communications because the social impacts have not been fully discovered. (Markoff, 2004) Emerging Technology II Artificial Intelligence (AI): Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers behave intelligently. Artificial Intelligence is the present generation computer technology. In simple Artificial Intelligence means those computer program and software which would think of its own as an average Human being does. It is related to the similar task of using computers to know human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically visible. In other way artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science and the intelligence of machines that aims to create it. Text books define artificial intelligence as the study and designing of intelligent agents, where an intelligent agent is considered as a system that perceives its environment and takes actions to maximize its ability of success. John McCarthy, who invented the term artificial intelligence, defines it as the science and e3ngineering of making intelligent machines. The marginalized technology for artificial intelligence is human decision and human analysis. Computer programs have plenty of speed and memory but their capabilities correspond to the intellectual mechanisms that program designers understand well enough to put in programs. One of AIs first projects was the development of mathematical language much like a computer language, in which researchers could encode assertions. If the language was rigorous enough, computer algorithms could be able to comb through assertions written in it and calculate all the logically valid inferences. Once they had developed such languages, AI researchers started using them to encode lot of commonsense assertions, which they sorted in huge databases. Moores law states that for every 18 months the number transistors on the chip will be doubled, processing power doubles while cost hold constant. In fact, when computers were first built, people proposed them for doing nothing but mindless computations, but as the development of newer technologies, computers eventually were limited to arithmetic anymore, they are now called Artificial intelligence. The computer technology has changed the face of the world. Computers can store, organize and handle enormous amounts of data. They can process huge amounts of information. Computers have given increase to the software industry, one of the most progressive industries of the world. (An Introduction to AI, Accessed on Mar 25, 2010) Types of AI: Strong AI and Weak AI Strong AI: A computer running suitable software actually is intelligent. Weak AI: Intelligence is something that only biological systems can posses. The best that can be accomplished with a machine is to stimulate intelligence. Advantages: Unemotional consideration of problems means human mind may have emotions. When people take decisions, sometimes those decisions are based on emotion rather than logic, so it may be wrong decision. That thing could not be happen with AI. Disadvantages: AI replaces human, means people believe that machine work accurately than human. So human become more dependent on AI and trust the results and decisions made by AI. This implies that more jobs are done by AI machines and the fewer are offered to human. Because of unemployment rate, it is likely that more people will be losing their jobs competing with machines. Due to this an economic destruction will occur and because of this an increase in crime rate and starvation. Economic destruction is not only because of using AI but also Technology that could be harmful to minds of small children. Applications: Pattern recognition Optical character recognition Face recognition Speech recognition Computer Vision, virtual reality and image processing Game theory and strategic planning Game artificial intelligence and Computer game boot Hybrid intelligent system Diagnosis (artificial intelligence) Natural language processing, Translation and Chatter Bots Artificial creativity Heuristic clarification Robotics Behaviour based robotics Cybernetics Evolutionary robotics Epigenetic robotics Cognitive robotics The impact of Artificial Intelligence on business: Evolution of artificial intelligence and information technology has effect the business in order to improve their performance. Due to information technologies information gathering, communication between the people will be fast. So the results were very accurate. AI is essential for economy and now is one of the main sources of business and employment. It also gives an additional form of communication and exchange of information which was not accessible before. Technology is relevant in politics as governments are trying to adopt IT for making improvements in the storage of data, and finally it is essential for economy as now it is one of the main sources of business and employment. On the information superhighway, the internet, the world is a very small place and distance, nationality, income are irrelevances, but the existence of such a network with high speed, worldwide communications together with satellites, has meant that news, ideas and other information can be spread, world-wide in the blink of an eye and with this now possible, some of the traditional constraints have been loosened. The development of the internet means can now work from their homes. The so called information superhighway makes a variety of different services and types of information available at the touch of a button, to the point where its next to impossible to avoid exposure to one kind or another. It happens very often that the information you get on the Internet, especially with search engines is too much. In the web you may easily get lost when you are looking for something as you are usually beleaguered by an amount of information that is misdirected and irrelevant for you. With the internet you cannot have the same experience as for instance with a book, where the material is selected and organized with some coherence. There is no way to distinguish the brilliant from the trash, you can never be sure that what you are reading is true. (Harvard Business School Publishing May 2005) The impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society: Artificial Intelligence has been developed for many years and is already widely used in human society. Ex. Hospitals use Artificial intelligence machines to diagnose patients. The invention of the computer and its associated technologies has a major impact on many areas of our everyday lives. Technology affects everyone in the modern society in the aspects of work and leisure activities. Technology is one of the major energetic force of the future, is altering our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history. Due to different technologies we are satisfied with our lives. Technology is essential for our society, its elaboration, and production at the centre of the cultural, political and economic fields, which are the basis of the society. Human beings solve most of their troubles by means of fast, instinctive judgements rather than the aware, step-by-step subtraction that early AI study was able to model. Artificial Intelligence has made some progress at replicated this type of sub figurative problem solving; personified agent approaches stress the importance of sensor motor skills to advanced reasoning neural net research attempts to rep licate the structure of inside human and animals brain that give rise to this talent. (Harvard Business School Publishing May 2005) Conclusion: As we discuss two types of emerging technologies (wireless communication and artificial intelligence) and their impact on business and society. Because of emerging technologies, we are doing many which would otherwise not possible.

The Immeasurable Value of Science Essay -- Science, Scientific Theorie

Few people would disagree that the study of science is a vital part of the world we live in. It is when you take a step back and assess why is true that you are able to appreciate science for it’s many contributions to our daily lives. When thinking of science, people commonly think of some high school or college laboratories filled with students working with Bunsen burners and beakers bubbling with colored liquids, but science goes far beyond the walls of these educational facilities. Science can be found not only in laboratories and classrooms, but also outside in a meadow, or in the kitchen of a restaurant, or even in the night sky. From pharmaceutical labs that create medication to helps people fight diseases, to a seventh grade class excited to launch their hand-crafted rockets, to understanding that scientific theories are used to better describe natural occurrences; science is everywhere, and is utilized in all different types of mediums. It is important to remember t hat science plays a crucial role in society and each person individually because constantly effecting us all in so many extraordinary ways. Science is subject in which many people view as a study of creating, building, and experimenting with things to discover and form results. One aspect of science is about creating objects and building knowledge to find results and products that expand on current ideas and devices. A popular television show on the Discovery Science channel, â€Å"How It’s Made,† offers viewer a glimpse into the processes of how objects from our everyday lives are created and assembled. In one episode, the show follows the process from which plastic materials are melted, dyed, molded and then run through a series of machines to produce thousan... ...rough various examples of science thought of, explored, and applied in every day life, it is clear that science holds extreme value for individuals and society. Without science we would be drudgingly stuck with the same thoughts, ideas and products because we were uninterested in thinking rationally about how to improve upon these existing things to create and inspire better. Without science we would not be able to have an intellectual understanding and enjoyment of many processes and occurrences in our every day lives. Of course, without science, the white paper you read from, the shoes you walk in, and the car you drive would not exist. It is important to know that science plays a vital part in all of our lives, every day, at any given moment, and the value of science to the individual and society is immeasurable with all of these many things taken into account.

The Reasons For Students Disengagement From School Education Essay

The rate at which pupils are dropping out of school is a quandary and has become a serious job for school territories across the state. The intent of this survey was to reap penetrations from the dropouts themselves, sing their determination to go forth school before completion and to codify their perceptual experiences, beliefs and attitudes toward dropping out of school. This paper examines the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences through interviews. By understanding beads out from school farther there will be greater possible to travel towards a more meaningful impression of one. A qualitative research method was used to concentrate on the significance that people make of their lives, their experiences, and their environment. Ten participants in Penang province made up the sample population particular to this survey. The following subdivision of paper reviews the theoretical research that attempts to explicate why pupils drop out of school based on two perspectives- one that focuses on single factors and one that focuses on institutional and contextual factors. Secondary Youth Perspective on Droping Out of School Concern for dropouts is non new. Mohamad Kamal Haji Nawawi, general director for Malayan Talents Development of Talent Corporation Malaysia Berhad said that: â€Å" between Form One and Form Five, out of the 400,000 pupils that enrolled in Form One, some 44,000 would go forth school yearly before finishing their Form Five, or Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia ( SPM ) . † â€Å" Some 80,000 pupils are estimated to hold dropped out of secondary schools from 2006 to 2010, † said Deputy Education Minister Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong. Wee speculated that some factors for dungs out may be for wellness grounds, to come in the work force and because of deficiency of involvement in instruction. Previously parents can state they have five or six kids and can non afford to pay school fees. â€Å" Now, the authorities is taking attention of that. If they do non hold the money, they will be given RM100 and for hapless households, we give RM500 one-off, † said Deputy Education Minister Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong. â€Å" We are working towards that, intending policy-wise we want to do everyone finish Form Five, at least complete the secondary instruction, † he said when asked if the ministry will see doing secondary school registration as mandatary. † said Deputy Education Minister Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong. Before looking at the grounds for dropping out from school, it is necessary to specify what is means to drop out. We use term â€Å" dropout † refer to youth whom leave secondary school before graduation, including those who leave but return subsequently, and those who later complete some signifier of equivalency sheepskin ( Audus & A ; Willms, 2001 ) . Droping out of school is a serious job, and society is eventually admiting the profound societal and economic effects for pupils, their households, the school and the community. Leaving school without a sheepskin can hold permanent negative effects on the single socially and economically, doing terrible di sadvantages come ining into big life. Theoretical Model Understanding why pupils drop out of school is the key to turn toing this major educational job. A figure of theories have been advanced to understand the particular phenomenon of the saging out ( Audas and Willms, 2001 ; Finn and Zimmer, 2012 ; Rumberger and Lim, 2008 ) . I present two models that focus on two positions for understanding this phenomenon. One model is based on an single position and one that focuses on an institutional position that focuses on the contextual factors found in pupils ‘ households, school, communities and equals. Both models are utile and, so, necessary to understand this complex phenomenon. It is of import for the community to cognize why pupils are dropping out of school. There are figure of grounds. Individual position Individual factors that predict whether pupils drop out or alumnus from high school autumn into four countries: ( 1 ) educational public presentation, ( 2 ) behaviours, ( 3 ) attitudes, and ( 4 ) background. ( 1 ) Educational public presentation. Droping out represents one facet of three interconnected dimensions of educational public presentation: ( 1 ) academic accomplishment, as reflected in classs and trial tonss, ( 2 ) educational stableness, which reflects whether pupils remain in the same school ( school stableness ) or remain enrolled in school at all ( enrollment stableness ) , and ( 3 ) educational attainment, which is reflected by old ages of schooling completed and the completion of grades or sheepskin ( Rumberger and Lim, 2008 ) . The model suggests that educational attainment is dependent on both educational stableness and academic accomplishment. That is, pupils who either interrupt their schooling by dropping out or altering schools, or who have hapless academic accom plishment in school, are less likely to graduate or finish that section of schooling. ( 2 ) Behavior. A broad scope of behaviours both in and out of school have been shown to foretell dropout and graduation. One of the most of import is student battle, which includes pupils ‘ active engagement in academic work ( e.g. , coming to category, making prep ) and the societal facets of school ( e.g. , take parting in athleticss or other extracurricular activities ) . Research systematically finds that high absenteeism-one specific index of battle is associated with higher dropout rates. Misbehavior in high school and delinquent behaviour outside of high school are both significantly associated with higher dropout and lower graduation rates. Having friends who engage in condemnable behaviour or friends who have dropped out besides increases the odds of dropping out. Finally, a figure of surveies have found that pupils who work more than 20 hours a hebdomad are significantly more likely to drop out. ( 3 ) Attitudes. The dropout literature has by and large focused on a individual indicator- educational outlooks ( how far in school a pupil expects to travel ) and has found that higher degrees of educational outlooks are associated with lower dropout rates. ( 4 ) Background. A figure of pupil background features have been shown to foretell backdown from school. Institutional Position Research on dropouts has identified a figure of factors within pupils ‘ households, schools, and communities that predict dropping out and graduating. Family factors. Family background is widely recognized as the individual most of import subscriber to success in school. Surveies from the U.S. and the U.K. have systematically found that factors refering to the kid ‘s household fortunes are significantly related to dropping out of school. These include: socioeconomic position ( SES ) , with those coming from hapless backgrounds being more likely to drop out ; household construction, with those coming from big and single-parent households being more likely to drop out and parents ‘ employment position, with those populating with parents who are unemployed being more likely to drop out. School factors. It is widely acknowledged that schools exert powerful influences on pupil accomplishment, including dropout rates. School effects are peculiarly of import since they are the chief mechanism through which authoritiess can aim policies to control dropping out, adolescent gestation and a assortment of other unwanted results. Wehlage and Rutter, 1986, as cited in Audas and Willms, 2001 found that young person who had dropped out sensed instructors to be less interested in them, and viewed school subject as uneffective and inequitably applied. Those destined to go forth school early had more disciplinary jobs, and were by and large dissatisfied with how their instruction was traveling. Community and Peers. In add-on to households and schools, communities and equal groups can act upon pupils ‘ backdown from school. Research ( Ellenbogen & A ; Chamberland, 1997 as cited in Audus & A ; Willms, 2001 ) examine the equal webs of at-risk young persons and depict how their webs compare to those of young person deemed to be of a low hazard of dropping out of school. They identify three established tendencies: First, existent dropouts and hereafter dropouts have more friends who have dropped out. Second, future dropouts tend to be rejected by their school equals. Finally, at-risk persons tend to miss integrating into their school ‘s societal web. Research Question The research inquiries examined in this paper are: What are the grounds for pupils ‘ detachment from school? What factors contributed to their determination to go forth? Can the dropouts themselves reveal the critical junctions in their determination to disrupt their instruction? What can school decision makers and pedagogues do to forestall pupils from dropping out? The chief focal point of treatment will be around the grounds for dropping out of school and cognizing why they make such determination. The 3rd research inquiry is to understand either they still can endorse into some educational scene. Finally, the 4th inquiry is looks at illustrations of good pattern, seek to forestall this procedure happens once more. Significance of the Study Keeping pupils in school is really of import for the wellbeing of the pupils and society as a whole. Objective of this paper is to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences of the dropout pupils through interviews. The participant reply will assist schools develop plans or policies for cut downing the school bead out rate. What helps in accomplishing this nonsubjective must be studied so that suited intercessions and policies may be drawn out and implemented by the relavant governments. To cut down the dropout rates of pupils in the long tally, the issue of school battle must be given due consideration. Schools can besides profit from the findings of the survey. Schol disposal can analyze how existing school patterns, the school atmosphere and instructors affect pupils ‘ school attitude. Research Paradigm Methodology Design A qualitative research method was used to concentrate on the significance that people make of their lives, their experiences, and their environment. A qualitative research can assist understanding the experience of dropping out of school. Interveiw and interact with a little group of school dropouts. Method of Data Collection Main interview types that qualitative research workers use are in-depth, one-on-one interviews. Interviews are the most common method of informations aggregation for qualitative research. Answers collected from structured interviews. These interviews were typically 15 to 30 proceedingss in continuance. The participants were asked a set of structured open-ended inquiries in a prearranged order. The participants will be asked a few inquiries about the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences through interviews. The interview will be recorded in audio format and each reply was transcribed. Participants of the Study Ask participants to propose other participants who qualify. Participants can decline to reply any inquiry. Participant replies to all inquiries are private. Procedure The interview will be conducted on 10 participants with the presence of research worker. Throughout the session, the participants will be asked a few inquiries about the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences through interviews. It will wholly be done in a maximal clip of 30 proceedingss, and a lower limit of 15 proceedingss, and merely be a erstwhile interview, this is so that the participants would non be excessively tired after the interview. The interview will be recorded in audio format so that a written text can be done. The interview will be done in a closed room so that the privateness and the confidentiality of the participants will be protected with the best attempts of the experimenter.

Motivation and Team Case Study Essay

There are four Theories of Motivation. They are Expectancy Theory, Goal Setting Theory, Equity Theory, and Job Enrichment Theory. Each could be used, individually or all could be used in combination, to help motivate employees to perform their jobs to the best of their abilities to achieve the success they desire. When employees are motivated and feel appreciated they tend to care more about their jobs and become more productive, which in turn can help the business be more successful. In the case study of Two Men and A Truck and Mary Ellen Sheets the Expectancy Theory and the Job Enrichment Theory were used to motivate her to grow her business. Even though Mary Ellen Sheets started the company she knew that with hard work she could grow her business and make it successful. Mary Ellen Sheets also understood that if she applied herself and worked hard she would have the success she desired. Even though she made many mistakes she was motivated to continue on and make her business a success. To create high performing teams Mary Ellen Sheets established Stick Men University where her franchise owners and movers could learn the basics such as answering phone calls to the final handshake after the move is completed. There is also a two story house and a computer lab. In the two story house the movers are taught the proper ways to move, and in the computer lab franchise owners are taught to pay royalties electronically and communicate with other franchise owners about what is working and what is not (Jones, 2007).The University gave all employees and franchise owners consistency in what was expected as well the ability to communicate with other franchise owners. In the case study for Siemens and Klaus Kleinfeld the Expectancy Theory and the Goal Setting Theory are used. Kleinfeld was motivated and he helped motivate all of the workers to pull together to save their jobs. By working hard and applying themselves they were able to grow Siemens Medical into Siemens most profitable business. He had goals that required workers to work flexible  shifts and also to work weekends to speed up production. Kleinfeld created high performing teams by emphasizing common goals and creating opportunities for joint gain. A common goal was to save the medical division of the company and make it successful. Many of the employees fought the changes but eventually pulled together and made the division profitable. Creating opportunities for joint gain allowed the employees and the company to come up with ideas that allowed them to be more productive therefore saving their jobs. Depending on the situation, job, company, and employee one, two, or all of the motivation theories can be used to help motivate employees to become more productive. Also an employee that is motivated and challenged to perform better will usually be more invested in the company and be more willing to work harder to achieve the success they desire. Reference Jones. (2007). Motivating and Managing People and Groups in Business Organizations. In Jones, Introduction To Business: How Companies Create Value For People. McGraw-Hill Companies.

How to Write a Great College Essay

How to Write a Great College Essay When you are starting to write a college essay the first step is to plan your paper and determine what you are going to write about. All writers have trouble getting started. The best way to start writing your essay is to begin planning. Inexperienced writers define planning as essentially a thinking activity. Being one of them, you most probably start with planning inside your head what you want to say, and then you copy your thoughts onto a piece of paper. Unfortunately, as you will discover, such planning usually produces two kinds of failure: you cannot think through everything you want to say before you write you cannot just transfer your thinking to writing. In fact, planning is primarily a writing activity, as most experienced writers can testify. Although they admit that they do some planning before they write, they insist that they do their most productive plan after they have begun writing. For them, planning is not so much thinking and writing as it is thinking-in-writing. Try this on your own. Start to write your plan and don’t be afraid of any changes. When you write your college essay, your plan will become more and more evident. There are different thoughts on writing a college level essay and people have different ideas on how to write a college essay. Principally, writing a paper for college is not a significant problem if you have a natural flair for writing. College students often get confused in their first college life when they get instructions from teachers to write a college essay. The reason is straightforward, they have now no prior experience, and they don’t know how to write a college essay. Some simple steps may be of great use for the students if they follow these with an object-oriented mind. Write your topic on the first page and divide it into subtopics. Sub-topics are mainly subheadings and related issues that may appear in your completed essay as a finished product. It will give you a fair idea of main contents and thoughts involved. Now see what the quantity required for that specific essay is. The amount should be considered in a number of words but not of pages. A number of pages may change dramatically with a slight change in layout, font, borders, or theme of the project. The next step is filling the contents of your proposed or planned materials. Always start from the main content idea or title discussion as it serves the purpose of an attention grabber for the reader. The more appropriate and impressive you prove here, more marks you get from your teacher in the evaluation. Writing main theme paragraph, in the beginning, is also a good idea as it serves the purpose of both attention grabber and idea demonstration. Whenever the problem occurs during writing, never hesitate to look around for more innovative approach and examples. The environment itself guides you on how to write a college essay. Students’ discussions, teachers’ opinion, evaluators’ comments and library’s resources; all can be a good source in writing a college essay. It would be the plan for your second draft. By making several drafts, you will come up with a good and thought-out project that will form a meaning to your readers in your essay. As the first stage in the writing process, planning helps you uncover, explore, and evaluate a topic for your essay. Whether you are assigned a topic by your teacher or are free to accept any topic that occurs to you, planning helps you locate and produce information in writing. The sources of your information in the essay are the following: Your memory. Your past is one of your best sources of information. Since childhood you have been accumulating memories about people, places, and things; about growing up, falling, leaving home, staying put - the endless. These memories often pop into your head when you least expect them. When you begin to write an essay, however, you cannot remember on impulse. You must forget on purpose, searching your past for information you may want to use. Select a prompt - a word, an image, or a question - to unlock your memory and focus your attention. Your observation. Like most people, you spend much of your life as a casual observer, acknowledging but rarely examining the blur of daily experience. You have learned to look for the things you must see - the assignment on the syllabus, the stop sign at the intersection. But for the most part, you look through the world the way you look through a magazine, flipping pages without any particular purpose. When you begin to write your essay, you must train yourself to look for interesting subjects, significant features, and telling details to help you compose vivid verbal pictures. Something you learned through someone else or research. To broaden and deepen your understanding, you must reach beyond the limits of your personal experience to determine how others have perceived your subject. For this purpose, you should research the information on your essay topic, which is already available. Other writers have studied almost any subject you choose. Sometimes their research reflects and reinforces your view of the subject. More often it enlarges, confuses, or even contradicts your conclusions. There are two common ways of gathering information before writing an essay. It is conducting the interview or reading. Many of your writing assignments will not get a grade at all. While in the High school you received extra credit assignments that could raise your class, in college these additional credit papers not applied to your grade. Such projects are only your interest and efforts. In College you will learn one area of the study; therefore your essay assignments will involve other disciplines learned during your education. To complete successful college essay you should: Apply Critical Thinking process Be good researcher Be good writer Know the material Think creatively Manage your time wisely Return your essay on time Want to be prepared for your class? Need good grade but don’t want to spend your time on writing? Let us do this work for you! Our writers are real experts in writing college essays of any complexity.

Italian Vocabulary for the House

Italian Vocabulary for the House Imagine you’re visiting a friend in Florence, and she has just moved into a brand new apartment in the San Lorenzo neighborhood. She invites you over for aperitivo, and when you arrive, she gives you a tour of the apartment. Suddenly the vocabulary has gotten very specific, and knowing how to say words like â€Å"hallway† or â€Å"cupboards† become essential. Whether you’re in a situation like that or you want to be able to talk about your home, here’s vocabulary and phrases to help you have that that conversation. Key Vocabulary Apartment - lappartamentoApartment building - il palazzoAttic - la soffittaBalcony - il balconeBathroom - il bagnoBookshelf  - lo scaffaleCeiling  -  il soffittoCellar  -  la cantinaDoor -  la portaDoorbell - il campanelloElevator -  lascensoreFirst floor - il primo pianoFloor -  il pavimentoFurniture - gli arredamentiGarage - il boxGarden - Il giardino /  lortoHallway -  lingressoHouse -  la casaNursery  -  la camera dei bambiniOffice  - l’ufficioLamp  - la lampadaPenthouse  -  latticoRoof  -  il tettoRoom  - il vanoStaircase  -  la scalaStudy  -  lo studioStudio apartment  - il monolocaleTerrace  - il terrazzoWall  -  la pareteWindow  -  la finestra Bedroom - la camera da letto Bed - il lettoCloset - l’armadioNightstand - il comodinoPillow - il cuscino​Closet - larmadio Dining room - la sala da pranzo Chair - la sediaTable - il tavolo​ Kitchen - la cucina Dishwasher - la lavastoviglieBowl - la ciotolaCupboard - Armadietti/ armadietti pensiliFork - la forchettaGlass - il bicchiereKnife - il coltelloPlate - il piattoRefrigerator - il frigoriferoSink - il lavandinoSpoon - il cucchiaioKitchenette - il cucinino Living room - il soggiorno/il salotto Armchair - la poltronaCouch - il divanoPainting - il quadroRemote - il telecomandoTV - la TV Key Phrases Abitiamo al primo piano. - We live on the first floor.Il palazzo à ¨ molto vecchio. -   The building is very old.Non c’à ¨ l’ascensore. - There’s no elevator.Abbiamo appena comprato una nuova casa! - We just bought a new house!Ci siamo appena spostati in una nuova casa/un nuovo appartamento. We just moved to a new house/apartment.La casa ha due stanze da letto e un bagno e mezzo. - The house has two bedrooms and one a half baths.Vieni, ti faccio vedere/ti mostro la casa. - Come on, let me give you a tour.L’appartamento ha tante finestre, quindi c’à ¨ molta luce naturale. - The apartment has a lot of windows, which means there is a lot of natural light.Questa stanza sar il mio ufficio! - This room will be my office!La cucina à ¨ la mia stanza preferita. - The kitchen is my favorite room.Andiamo in cucina. - Let’s go to the kitchen. TIP: Many English speakers make the mistake of using the preposition â€Å"a† with talking about going to or being in the kitchen. However, in Italian, you must use the preposition â€Å"in†. Passo molto tempo in giardino. - I spend a lot of time in the garden.Pitturiamo la settimana prossima. - We’re going to paint next week. TIP: If you were painting the walls white, you would use the verb, â€Å"imbiancare†. If you’re interested in renting an apartment in Italy for a short-term vacation or a longer term situation, here is a list of phrases and vocabulary to learn.

Case for Analysis Marching Towards Market Essay Example for Free

Case for Analysis Marching Towards Market Essay Whirlpool Corporation is a Fortune 500 company and a global manufacturer and marketer of major home appliances, with annual sales of approximately $20 billion. Whirlpool entered the Indian market in the late 80s, and had entrenched itself as a formidable player in the Indian home appliances market by the mid 1990s, with a comprehensive product portfolio covering washing machines, refrigerator, microwave ovens and air conditioners. Today, Whirlpool is one of the most recognized brand in home appliances in India and holds a market share of over 20%. While Whirlpool is an acknowledged player in many of the water purifier markets across the world for the past several years now, Whirlpool entered the growing water purifier market in India in 2008. Given its focus on â€Å"attaining market leadership through Customer loyalty†, Whirlpool aspires to be the market leader in the water purifier market by 2012. This case presents the situation of the water purifier market in India, and poses challenges that Whirlpool will have to overcome to achieve its vision of becoming the market leaders. Even as world bodies and governments across the continents are strategizing to manage the growth humanity in a holistically sustainable manner, availability of safe drinking is a major area of concern for all. As high as 884 Mn people in the world do not have access to safe water. This is roughly  one in eight of the world’s population. 1.4 million children die every year from diarrhoea caused by unclean water and poor sanitation – one child every 20 seconds. Approximately 80% of diseases in India are caused by water borne micro organisms. This is true in rural as well as urban India. However, awareness of health risks linked to unsafe water The use of water can be broadly divided in to two major categories, namely for Consumption (drinking, cooking etc) and Sanitation. This case focuses on water used for drinking purposes. Throughout human history, different methods of treating water before consumption have been devised. Up until about 100 years ago, it was always found that water flowing from natural springs was safe for drinking in its natural state, but in the 21 century even spring water is first scientifically tested before it is recommended or bottled for drinking. Each of the above methods carries with them significant disadvantages either from a convenience point of view or from health and hygiene perspective. This calls for more sophisticated methods of purifying water, to suit with the evolving lifestyles in the societies. Current State-of-the-Art Water Purification Technologies Today, the more sophisticated and commercially available water purifying technologies are, †¢ †¢ †¢ Manual fill Purifier (Drip Type) Ultra Violet (UV) purification Reverse Osmosis (RO) purification The latter two are generally referred to as Electronic Water Purifier technologies (EWP); by exception, the first one is referred to as Non EWP.  The above three are given in the order of chronological evolution, with RO technology being the latest in the Water Purification technology. The manual fill purifiers do not run on electricity, which is a scarce resource in many parts of rural India, and also have significantly lower costs in comparison to the EWPs. Interestingly , these manual fill purifiers which primarily use chlorine or UF technology are at par in performance with UV in terms of microbial protection. UV has been the oldest technology in the industry. It typically involves preliminary stages of filtration, followed by treating the filtered water through UV rays to deactivate the microbial organisms.   In the RO technology, even the smallest of microbial organisms are filtered using the reverse osmosis technology. RO technology especially scores over UV when the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) count in the source water is high . One disadvantage of RO systems is the wastage of significant quantum of water during its processing. Needless to say, the costs of the products under these different technologies increase from manual fill purifiers to UV purification systems to RO purification. The typical price range of manual fill purifier products is Rs. 1500 to Rs. 3500, while the UV products range in price between Rs. 4000 to Rs. 9000. The RO products are priced on the higher side starting from Rs. 8000 to Rs. 20000. Many products available in the market today in India use a combination of technologies but for the products in the lower end technologies (manual fill purifiers). Water Purifier Market in India The delivery of purified water in the Indian markets follow two conduits, namely, water purified in purification plants delivered to residences and other consumption locations (e.g. restaurants) in cans; and installation of water purification instruments at the place of usage. While the former  One of the oldest methods of treating water, and one still used constantly in Third World and often in developing nations or areas that have seen recent natural disasters, is boiling to kill microbes (but this causes loss of taste and may leave in dirt). Other methods of water treatment include filtering and distilling, use of chemical agents such as Iodine or Silver or Potassium Permanganate into the water supply, or the use of candle filters. methodology predominantly uses multiple technologies mentioned above, provides economies of scale and eliminates initial costs of investing in equipments, the costs involved in distribution of the treated water counters these economies of scale. The l atter provides for visibility and ease of use, which are significant perceived benefits in comparison to the former. While both the delivery mechanisms exist, the latter is fast catching up. This case focuses on the latter, which is typically referred to as the Water Purifier industry. This industry is broadly divided in to two categories namely Electronic Water Purifiers (EWP) comprising of products using UV or/and RO technologies and Non Electronic Water Purifiers (Non EWP) comprising of products that use the manual fill purifiers. Frost and Sullivan report of primary research in 2009, estimates the total market size of the Water Purifier industry in India to be 2000 Cr of which 63% is from product sales and 37% is after sales revenue. Despite the size of this industry, the Water Purifier industry in India has a low penetration (2% Urban and 0.5% All India) as per IRS 2007 and is growing at a strong rate (others use traditional water treatment methods like boiling and filtering, or use of chemical additives like Chlorine, Potassium permanganate etc). As per AC Nielson 2006 study( and internal estimates), the industry is expected to touch approx 2.3 mn units by the end of 2009. Expected growth rate of 15% and a CAGR (‘04-‘09) 21%. The average ASV of the industry is Rs 6700. With a size of approx 1.7mn (units), the EWP market is divided into 2 sub-segments – RO (30% sal) & UV (70%). The RO segment is the premium end of the category and has an ASV of Rs 12000 while UV has an ASV of Rs. 7000 .RO & UV growths , CAGRs(‘04-‘09) are (15% ,16%) and (10% ,10%) respectively. The Non-EWP segment operates at a sub 2K ASV (Rs 1900). This segment is witnessing an explosive growth with the entrance major players like HUL etc . The Annual growth rate was witnessed at 25% while CAGR(‘04-‘09) at 77%. It is important to note that the technology sold in a given local market is also dependent largely on the characteristics of the source drinking water in the given demography. For example, a region like Delhi with high TDS calls for RO technology, while regions like Cochin with low TDS would depend on products with UV technology. Also, one of the detriments to EWP products is the availability of continuous flow of source water and availability of power, both of which advantages are addressed the products dependent on Manual Fill Purifier technology. While the major element of the market in the water purifier equipment business in India is still in the unorganized sector, branded products are catching up and their market share is improving. The major branded players in the market are Eureka Forbes (AquaGuard, AquaSure brands), Kent, Philips, HUL (Pureit), Ion Exchange (Zero B) Ushabrita and Whirlpool (Purafresh). As per Frost and Sullivan report 2009 , Market share by player and by technology- Approx Shares ( for 2008) Eureka Forbes: RO(20%) , UV(35%) , Drip Type(33%) Kent: RO(25%) , UV(0%) , Drip Type(0%) ZeroB: RO(15%) , UV(0%) , Drip Type(0%) HUL : RO(0%) , UV(0%) , Drip Type(42%) OTH: RO(40%) , UV(65%) , Drip Type(25%) The Non-EWP segment was primarily dominated by local players until recently, when HUL entered the category with its drip type purifier under the brand Pureit at a break through price of Rs 1800 and took the market by storm. The other key players in this segment are Ushabrita & Eureka Forbes. The channel for this segment has traditionally been the Direct to Home (DTH) route, with this route still accounting for a whopping 65% of the product sales in this category. The ratio of Eureka Forbes’ DTH sales is higher at 75%. On the trade side(contribution bal 35%), the DAP channel (Domestic Appliances Products) accounts for the larger proportion of the share with 65% while the Durable Trade accounts for the remaining 35%. The DAP Channel mainly consists of small appliance sellers  who sell products like iron , blenders , mixers , gas burners etc. These retailers primarily sell products which lie within the price range of Rs 500-Rs 5000. They are typically not in the prime locations in the market place and their shopfloor size is on an avg10X10ft. The products are displayed mostly in a packed form. The products are sold very close to the MRP and the discounts offered are in the range of only 5-10% HUL has made an entry through a unique channel. It has opened up a large number of ‘Water Safe Zones’ / â€Å"Product Experience Centres’ and is pushing the volumes from there while catering to direct to home service as well While HUL is establishing itself in the entry level segment through consistent advertising and promotions , the more established players in UV & RO like Eureka & Kent too are active in the media space and are seen promoting their products through several media elements. Recently, HUL was seen rolling out a ‘Rs 1 Crore’ challenge offer and heavily promoting the same. At the same time Eureka Forbes was also seen throwing a ‘Money Back Guarantee’ offer on its products. Eureka Forbes operates with a strong sales& service force of 6000 people on the company rolls along with an equally large group of third party franchises. The company has been under pressure to expand its volumes since the avg the productivity of its sales team has come down over years. Lately, they have been seen heavily focussing on retail through their ‘Aquasure’ brand while the ‘Aquaguard’ brand is operating in the DTH section. Kent has its own sales & service set up in Northern India while it depends on third party franchises for its operation in the rest of the country. It has branch offices in 6 cities (AP , Karnataka, Kerala , Mumbai , Gujarat , West Bengal). In order to counter HUL’s explosive growth, Kent recently rolled out a NON-EWP (UF based) purifier at a price of Rs 2500 under the sub-brand  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Kent Gold’. This product is being primarily marketed through the retail channel. HUL has set up its Safe water zones with external KSPs ( Key service providers) while continuing to have its internal sales team supervising the operations . In Delhi for example , it has 27 such zones with a sales team of 750 sales men, 17 Territory sales executives (TSE) , 3 business development executives (BDE) , 1 area head.(AH) and 2 service officers . The TSEs, BDEs & AH are on company rolls. The following table summarizes the typical product price points in the various segments. Price range (In Rs) Unorganized 1500-2500 4000-6000 8000-12000 Organized 2000 – 3500 6000-9000 8000-20000 Whirlpool Not Applicable Not Applicable 12500-20500 Segment Non EWP Ultra Violet (UV) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Whirlpool’s entry in the Water Purifier Market in India Whirlpool has been present in the Water category in all the key regions of the world including US, Canada, NAR, Europe, Brazil, Mexico & Asia in several value added segments like water heaters, bottled water dispensers, water softeners , Refrigerator filters etc. Whirlpool entered the Water Purifier Market in India in the early 2008 to tap in to the growing Water Purifier Market, focused on the RO segment to start with, with the launch of the Purafresh range of purifiers. Currently, Whirlpool Water Purifier products are available across all markets in the country. Whirlpool has garnered a Market Share of 5% in the RO segment in the past 1  ½ years. The Water purifier category is a perfect brand fit for Whirlpool. It is a home appliance used by the home maker to provide safe and pure drinking water to her family, thus building a strong case of placing trust in the brand. This category will lend a lot of credibility to the Whirlpool brand. Whirlpool’s communication strategy also revolves around reinforcing this element of Trust. Equipped with Whirlpool’s patented ‘6th Sense’ technology, the new ‘Purafresh’ water purifier is the first Reverse Osmosis system on the market that not only purifies but also protects the purity and freshness of the water with its prestigious gold seal certification (from GOLD Seal of Water Quality Association, USA WQA). Purafresh is available in three models – Purafresh Platinum, Purafresh Elite and Purafresh Deluxe. Given the situation described above, suggest a comprehensive â€Å"Go-To-Market† plan following a systematic methodology for Whirlpool to achieve its overall objective of achieving market leadership in the Water Purifier Market (in the organized sector) by 2012, and its interim goal of achieving market leadership in the RO segment, ensuring its premium brand image, and its operational philosophies (given in the annexure for ready reference). A) Understanding and presentation by a Systematic methodology. B)Inputs: Should reflect comprehensive understanding of the company and competitive environment. 1) Analyze company development , history, Growths. 2) Identify Strengths , weaknesses , 3) Analysis of external environment (Porter 5 forces , SWOT etc) C) Outputs: Understating should result in output 1) Strategy on all 4 P’s 2) Channel Strategy ( Spl Focus) a) Evaluation of SWOT b) Key market insights c) Business Level Strategy d) Recommendations (including articulation of hypothesis) e) innovative approach especially in the communication/promotion strategy Phase II Build a detailed business plan arising out of the above strategic plan, and project the profitability of this business over time, including investments that may be required for new products and their market entries, while achieving this objective. Recommendation evaluated by 1) Strategy 2) Product choice 2) Financials ( volumes, Margins , costs , etc) 3) Process of executing strategy 4) Innovative approach/ideas. {In the first phase, the second phase question and related references should not be circulated} Whirlpool’s high end Purafresh platinum model, is India’s first and Only Direct Flow RO with no storage tank enabling immediate consumption of freshly purified water with 72 litres per hour capacity (Normal RO products have 8-10 litres per hour capacity). It has an advanced 5-stage purification process and also boasts of a first–of–its–kind electronic interface with a ‘Filter change indicator’, which alerts the consumer on the need to change the filter and thus ensures continual purity & protection of the water. Other diagnostics functions like no water on tap indication, self cleaning mode indication, and water extraction indication makes it the most advanced and best in class product available in the Indian market today. Whirlpool entered the Indian market mainly leveraging their strength in the durable retail channel and has the highest share (30%) of all Water Purifier sales in this channel. Whirlpool has also entered the DAP Channe l and are currently having a 10% share in that channel. The â€Å"Surging to Lead† Challenge Given its focus on â€Å"attaining market leadership through Customer loyalty†, Whirlpool aspires to be the market leader in the water purifier market by 2012, with an interim goal of attaining market leadership in the RO segment by 2010, while at the same time maintaining its brand position. This, no doubt, is a challenging aspiration for Whirlpool, given the well entrenched players in the market like Eureka Forbes, aggressive players like HUL who is focused on tapping the market at the â€Å"Bottom of the Pyramid† and a large unorganized market who would significantly benefit from the growth fuelled by these players. However, Whirlpool has to its advantage of its strong brand position in the hearts and minds of the home makers, and a strong, well established channel in the white goods market. The challenge for Whirlpool is to leverage its strengths, and perhaps work out completely innovative market strategies if it has to achieve its intent of becoming a  market lea der in the Water Purifier Market in general, and that in the RO segment. Annexure : A brief about Whirlpool Whirlpool, right from its inception in 1911 as first commercial manufacturer of motorized washers to the current market position of being world’s number one manufacturer and marketer of major home appliances, has always set industry milestones and benchmarks. The parent company is headquartered at Benton Harbor, Michigan, USA with a global presence in over 170 countries and manufacturing operation in 13 countries with 11 major brand names such as Whirlpool, KitchenAid, Roper, Estate, Bauknecht, Laden and Ignis. The company boasts of resources and capabilities beyond achievable feat of any other in the industry. Whirlpool initiated its international expansion in 1958 by entering Brazil. However, it emerged as truly global leader in the1980’s. This encouraging trend brought the company to India in the late 1980s. It forayed into the market under a joint venture with TVS group and established the first Whirlpool manufacturing facility in Pondicherry. Soon Whirlpool acquired Kelvinator India Limited in 1995 and marked an entry into Indian refrigerator market as well. The same year also saw acquisition of major share in TVS joint venture and later in 1996, Kelvinator and TVS acquisitions were merged to create Indian home appliance leader of the future, Whirlpool India. This expanded the company’s portfolio in the Indian subcontinent to washing machines, refrigerator, microwave ovens and air conditioners. Today, Whirlpool is the most recognized brand in home appliances in India and holds a market share of over 20%. The company owns three state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities at Faridabad, Pondicherry and Pune. Each of these manufacturing set-ups features an infrastructure that is witness of Whirlpool’s commitment to consumer interests and advanced  technology. In the year ending in March ’09, the annual turnover of the company for its Indian enterprise was Rs.1,719 Crores. The company’s brand and image speaks of its commitment to the homemaker from every aspect of its functioning. It has derived its functioning principles out of an undaunted partnership with the homemakers and thus a slogan of â€Å"You and whirlpool, the world’s best homemaker† dots its promotional campaigns. The products are engineered to suit the requirements of ‘smart, confident and in-control’ homemaker who knows what she wants. The product range is designed in a way that it employs unique technology and offers consumer relevant solutions. Whirlpool Corporation : Vision and Mission Whirlpool’s pervasive vision, â€Å"Every Home, everywhere, with pride, passion and performance†, rests on the pillars of innovation, operational excellence, customer-centric approach and diversified talent. These are embedded within our business goals, strategy, processes and work culture. Be it our products that are the result of innovation and operational excellence to meet every need of our consumers or the people behind these products that come from a wide spectrum of backgrounds, everything we do features a distinct Whirlpool way. Core Competencies Innovation: Unique and compelling solutions valued by our customers and aligned to our brands create competitive advantage and differentiated shareholder value. Operational Excellence (OPEX): A methodology for solving problems & continuous improvement of products & processes through pursuit, acquisition, and utilization of knowledge using critical thought and planned experimentation helps us achieve operational excellence. Customer Excellence: Excelling the customer expectation from the company, its brands,  products and services are a three-step process. The three steps are: Know a customer, Be a customer, Serve a customer. Knowing a customer helps us know who our customers are, how to treat them, how we add value, and what the drivers of brand loyalty are. This information is gathered from the customer’s data base history. This way we are better able to customize products for them and recommend the right product to solve problems. Being a customer is important to share customer knowledge and insights, drive actions based on customer insights, be passionate about our brands and customer loyalty and provide a positive voice for our brands. We show empathy for customers and seek to resolve their problems by creating consistent customer touch-points, with our endeavour always being to provide unique solutions for the customer . Whirlpool Corporation’s Transformation Agenda Whirlpool is transforming into a completely customer-centred company where the customer lies in the core of every of our functions. This focus has arrived as direct consequence of our core competency of customer excellence. It allows us to build Customer Loyalty. The transformation is made The elements of the transformation hold the promise of making Whirlpool a growing company and thereby increasing value for our shareholders. The five  elements are the basis for describing our strategy internally and guide the development of our plans and initiatives. Whirlpool has swiftly moved from being a World Class Manufacturer to a World Class Marketer using the brand-building framework. We are dedicated to creating unique branded solutions that build customer loyalty and achieve brand excellence. Case for Analysis Marching Towards Market. (2016, Jun 06). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Islam in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islam in the Modern World - Essay Example Traditional law remained in force. The Medina period established a new order and codified different religious traditions and separate laws. The Quran was revealed to Muhammad over a period of twenty-three years in order to meet the needs of the Islamic society in Mecca and then in Medina. It gradually provided an Islamic ideology for the community and, in the process, modified or supplemented existing customs not meeting Islamic standards. Quranic values were concretized and interpreted by the second material source of law, the Sunnah of the Prophet (Murata and Chittick 12). 2. Quran is the main religious text in Islam. Since the Quran is not a law book, i.e., not a collection of prescriptions providing a legal system, and because the Prophet was no longer alive to resolve problems, the early Caliphs, and later, during the Umayyad period (661-750), the judges (qadis) shouldered the responsibility of rendering legal decisions. The Muslim concern not simply to know the divine will but also to execute it, inspired the early Muslim community's expansion and conquest of Arabia, the Eastern Byzantine Empire in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, the Persian (Sasanid) Empire in Iran and Iraq, and Egypt. However, the realization of the Muslims' religious vision to transform the world was not a simple task. The Quran is the revelation of God, the central fact of the Islamic religious experience. As the very word of God, for Muslims the Quran is the presence of the numinous in history (space and time). Thus, the primary material source of the revealed law is quite natural ly the Holy Quran, the sourcebook of Islamic values. While the Quran does contain prescriptions about matters that would rank as legal in the strict, narrow sense of the term, these injunctions, in fact, comprise but eighty verses (Murata and Chittick 27). 3. The social-historical interpretation of Quran treats the book as the main source of ancient laws and principles, social-economic relations and political power. As Muslims seek to root their personal and national identity in an Islamic past, the importance of reinterpretation and community consensus is evident. Providing an Islamic methodology for reform is an essential part of this process. Lack of such a methodology undermines any sense of the Islamic character of reforms and consequently the acceptance of such reforms by the vast majority of Muslims. While passage of reforms may be effected through an autocratic leader of a legislature comprised of a small elite, their ultimate acceptance by the vast majority of the Islamic community will not be assured. Literal interpretation of Quran is aimed to investigate literary and oral traditions of this period, analyze cultural and national uniqueness of the text. Literary interpretations take into account the use of language and cultur al peculiarities of the text. Despite the changes thus far, the conflict between the forces of conservatism and modernism has continued. Resistance to change often resulted in indirect, ad hoc legal methods of reform as well as the shelving of draft legislation. The problem which has emerged is still very much that of taqlid (following tradition) versus ijtihad (reinterpretation), the infallibility of classical law

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example The brand has featured some famous personalities for promoting its brand. Coca Cola in Present Coca cola is the world’s largest manufacturer, distributer and marketer of non alcoholic beverages, which has its operation in more than 200 countries. It has introduced new variants to its category such as diet, vanilla and cherry coke. In the year 2002, the company launched new variant c2, which is a low carbohydrate cola, and an energy drink named Full Throttle. The following year, 2003, Coca Cola Company introduced coca cola lime, coca cola zero which was regarded as a low calorie beverage. The company also added a sugar free version of Full Throttle. In the year 2006, the company again introduced new product line which included regular and diet version of Black Cherry Vanilla Coke, energy sodas; Tom Standage, a social historian introduced Coca Cola as among the six beverages which have shaped the world. He was signed as an international symbol of freedom during the cold war in U S. In 2007, the company had acquired Glaceau, which is a beverage company which produces flavored and vitamin water (Giebelhaus, 2008). The company has established a brand that is well renowned globally. Its distribution channel and the product are so huge that it cannot be duplicated. Coca cola has a competitive advantage over its competitors (Sander & Slatter, 2009, p.27). Coca cola has grown to be one of the ubiquitous brands with 1.7 million beverages being sold per day. Recently it had celebrated its 125 years of existence and has developed a recyclable merchandise to be used in grocery stores (The Coca Cola Company, 2011). Evolution of Coca Cola Company The company was started by Dr. John Pemberton who was an Atlanta pharmacist in the year 1886. Coca cola was used as a nerve and brain tonic. The first manufacturing plant was opened in 1884. Coca-Cola was sold to Ernest Woodruff for 25 million dollars. It was woodruff who introduced the first six bottle carton and also made it available in the vending machines in 1929. Promotional tools were used and the first advertisement was made in radio in 1930s following with a commercial advertisement in television in 1950. Currently Coca-Cola is advertised on five hundred TV channels globally. In 1985, Coca Cola Company introduced its diet coke. But the product did not do well in the market thus coke decided to change it to old coke. At present coca Cola is worth more than 58 million dollars. It has been the sponsor of Olympics for the past 65 years (Echeat, 2004). Target market The target market of coca cola is large. It is affordable by any level of income. It is consumed by both males and females. Consumers who drink coca cola are from the different sections from the VIPs to the celebrities to the common people. Coca cola has targeted that section of people who enjoys drinking soft drink and has made it as a part of their lifestyle. Coca cola diet is targeted for people who are older in age (Ma'arif, 2007, p.22 0). The target remains the same. It is targeted to both males and females and of all age groups. Competition positioned Soft drink needs to be carefully positioned with respect to competition as image is important when consumer chose a brand. Competitor of Coca Cola is Pepsi Cola. Both are trying to gain a competitive position in the cola

Policy Brief Writing Assignment TOPIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Brief Writing Assignment TOPIC - Essay Example report, I want to review the research that has been conducted on the causes of crime by children and the effects of children in correctional facilities been allowed to spend time with their mothers. This will help the State of Florida’s criminal justice systems in formulating the right policies that will aid in reducing children crime rate and enhance the impact of correctional facility programs on child criminals. The audience is composed of the governor who is a politician and policy makers who are mainly lawyers, administrators of correctional facilities, parents’ representatives, and interested parties. This audience understands the main goal of CCJ 4497 policy project. Hence, the audience should be addressed using PowerPoint presentations that illustrate and explain in point form the main points of the report. The audience is looking for an explanation and reasons as to why certain measures should be undertaken. It wants to be convinced on what is the best way

IT Manager Perspective Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT Manager Perspective - Research Paper Example (b). The organizations is an early adopter of HIT because from the very beginning, it had been working on clinical computing. Further, major IT roll-outs took place between 1995-2007 and almost all IT developments like EMR, CPOE and others had been implemented by 2007. This supports its early adoption of HIT (Bohmer et al. 2007). Ans. 2. BIDMC relies heavily on custom-developed application because it feels there are certain shortcomings with vendor developed packages. Such shortcomings arise from trust factor, incompatibility issue with home application and vendor software and most importantly, availability of vendor to anytime upgrade or provide support to the system. Amidst such challenges, BIDMC considers it better to develop in-house capabilities than depending upon an outside vendor. Seeing the level of expertise and confidence of users in custom-developed applications in-house, this emphasis is not going to diminish or change. In fact, synchronization problems with the vendor a nd inability to manage the workflows with vendor managed software encourage the use of custom-developed clinical systems at BIDMC. Ans. 3 (a). The OMR constituted separate views for clinicians and patients for security and privacy purposes. Clinicians could track any information of patients, ranging from visits, test reports, alerts, lab results, follow ups or referring to any other physician.

Implementing organizational change plan Assignment

Implementing organizational change plan - Assignment Example To identify the factors required to implement change in the defense sector, focus on strategies for change implementation, evaluate methods to monitor the implementation of such change, examine relationship between organization’s personnel, processes and systems, etc. In the previous years, army life was supposed to be one of the best careers possible owing to the benefits it provided. Forget about the hardship of the soldiers, they were provided with high payments and other amenities. As time went on, and with the advent of highly paying service sector, the soldiers are comparing their lives with those of the highly paid service professionals who do not face the risk of their life. Added to this, the discomfort of parting from their family members and the work humiliation by their superiors is forcing the youngsters to rethink their career options into army. But, as the country’s security lies in the hands of these youth, it becomes imperative to bring about considerab le organizational change in this sector.A comprehensive plan needs to be developed to subdue the effect of these factors. Strategies for successful implementation of proposed change: After examining abovementioned factors, the proposed change can be a welcome in the army only when the subordinates are also included in the planning process. This is called Management by Objectives. In this process, 1. The organizational objectives and their purpose are clearly defined: As for the defense sector, the main objective is to maintain peace in the country and defend an enemy when such situations arise. This should be made clear to every army personnel. 2. The key Performance Areas (KPA’s) have to be drawn down realistically by the superiors: The superiors have to give great importance to the security of their personnel to gain their confidence. Detailed plans have to be drawn about the operations to be used in the warfronts and they have to be communicated clearly. 3. Setting of obje ctives for sub-ordinates: The KPA’s for every individual could be to maintain peace and harmony in the department, upgrade personal skills to imbibe new warfront technologies, exhibit presence of mind at the wartime and perform what is required at that very moment. The sub-ordinates should be explained of their roles in reaching the objectives to minimize the gap between the expectations and their performance. 4. Objective matching with the resources: The superiors should foray into technology, task and structure related changes and design the best methodology for the subordinates.

Policy Brief Writing Assignment TOPIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy Brief Writing Assignment TOPIC - Essay Example report, I want to review the research that has been conducted on the causes of crime by children and the effects of children in correctional facilities been allowed to spend time with their mothers. This will help the State of Florida’s criminal justice systems in formulating the right policies that will aid in reducing children crime rate and enhance the impact of correctional facility programs on child criminals. The audience is composed of the governor who is a politician and policy makers who are mainly lawyers, administrators of correctional facilities, parents’ representatives, and interested parties. This audience understands the main goal of CCJ 4497 policy project. Hence, the audience should be addressed using PowerPoint presentations that illustrate and explain in point form the main points of the report. The audience is looking for an explanation and reasons as to why certain measures should be undertaken. It wants to be convinced on what is the best way

Implementing organizational change plan Assignment

Implementing organizational change plan - Assignment Example To identify the factors required to implement change in the defense sector, focus on strategies for change implementation, evaluate methods to monitor the implementation of such change, examine relationship between organization’s personnel, processes and systems, etc. In the previous years, army life was supposed to be one of the best careers possible owing to the benefits it provided. Forget about the hardship of the soldiers, they were provided with high payments and other amenities. As time went on, and with the advent of highly paying service sector, the soldiers are comparing their lives with those of the highly paid service professionals who do not face the risk of their life. Added to this, the discomfort of parting from their family members and the work humiliation by their superiors is forcing the youngsters to rethink their career options into army. But, as the country’s security lies in the hands of these youth, it becomes imperative to bring about considerab le organizational change in this sector.A comprehensive plan needs to be developed to subdue the effect of these factors. Strategies for successful implementation of proposed change: After examining abovementioned factors, the proposed change can be a welcome in the army only when the subordinates are also included in the planning process. This is called Management by Objectives. In this process, 1. The organizational objectives and their purpose are clearly defined: As for the defense sector, the main objective is to maintain peace in the country and defend an enemy when such situations arise. This should be made clear to every army personnel. 2. The key Performance Areas (KPA’s) have to be drawn down realistically by the superiors: The superiors have to give great importance to the security of their personnel to gain their confidence. Detailed plans have to be drawn about the operations to be used in the warfronts and they have to be communicated clearly. 3. Setting of obje ctives for sub-ordinates: The KPA’s for every individual could be to maintain peace and harmony in the department, upgrade personal skills to imbibe new warfront technologies, exhibit presence of mind at the wartime and perform what is required at that very moment. The sub-ordinates should be explained of their roles in reaching the objectives to minimize the gap between the expectations and their performance. 4. Objective matching with the resources: The superiors should foray into technology, task and structure related changes and design the best methodology for the subordinates.

Differences Between Colonies Essay Example for Free

Differences Between Colonies Essay Differences between colonies: Religious: The Pilgrims who settled at Plymouth were Puritans vs. Anglicans at Jamestown. Plus, Plymouth was founded for religious reasons while Jamestown was founded for economic reasons. Dont get me wrongreligion was critical for both groups but the Puritans left England because they were religious outcasts while the settlers at Jamestown were there for economic benefit and had investors. Labor: Jamestown was initially settled under martial law and the military played a significant role (especially in terms of governance) within the colony while the military presence for Plymouth was more of militia and didnt grow until the colony spread beyond Plymouth. Social: More swamps, longer warm-weather seasons meant more mosquitoes in Virginia. The English settlers there came primarily from swampy areas of the UK and had been exposed to malaria previously. New research on the settlement suggests that one reason the settlers werent attacked and anhiliated by Indians (and why their numbers retreated back into the forests) was the sudden onset of malaria (a disease that did not exist in this part of the New World prior to the appearance of the English). But the settlers in Plymouth came to an area that had been devastated by disease earlier (thus wiping out most of the indigenous peoples). Life was hard for both colonies. But the puritans in Plymouth were more of a culture of cooperation and sharing which helped ease relations with the Indians and allowed them to weather the longer winters in NE better than the more mercenary nature of the Jamestown settlers. French Indian War: The conflict was first a world war. England did not focus all it;s might on the war and left much of the fighting to the colonists. This taught the Americans that the mother country wasnt always going to be there to save them. Communication between America and England was at the pace of a sailing ship. One could send a message but months could pass before an answer was received. It was very clear that the Americans were fighting the war pretty much on their own. Directions and help were a long time coming. Once the wars was over, the Colonists saw lands to the West to be open for settlement. Most of the colonies had charters granting them land all the way to the Pacific. The new lands were also seen as a reward for winning the war. The Proclamation of 1763 closed the new lands to  settlement. The Americans saw this as a absent ruler that didnt have a grasp on the needs of the Americans and the proclamation as a hardship. The English saw it as a way to keep peace with the Native Americans and not have to continue to fight a war in America. Finally the British government was deeply in debt. They saw the colonies as a revenue source. After all England had just fought a world war and saved the colonies from the French and Indians. They that were protected during the war should help pay for it. Long unused laws were enforced and new taxes added. The Americans saw this as more British heavy handedness. The Colonists had founght the war, mostly on their own, They had suffered loses, and now were both being blocked from westward expansion but were being taxed without having any say in the matter. TeaParty: Political That was the year the British enacted the Proclamation of 1763, which made it illegal for colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. Economic The British also enacted the Currency Act in 1763, that law made it illegal for the colonists to make their own money. Both of these were done as a means for the British to gain more control of the colonists and this greatly upset the colonists. 1763 was the year the colonists started to realize they would be better off being independent of Britain and it sowed the seeds of revolution. The British responded to the Boston Tea Party by making th Intolerable Acts which closed the Boston Ports and destroyed the Massachusetts government. Articles: There was no foreign policy, and states printed their own currency. The federal government could not tax; there was no Federal Army, no judicial system, and a lack of national compulsive power over states. It was a weak alliance, it needed approval from 9 of all 13 states to be amended, no executive or judicial branch, only a one house congress where every state had 1 vote. It couldnt regulate interstate trade, impose taxes, or coin money. They also had no leader to run the country.

HR Practices: Mergers and Acquisitions

HR Practices: Mergers and Acquisitions The purpose of this research is to recapitulate and discuss whether the contribution of a HR is effective in the success of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions. This paper will discuss the common reasons for the success and failures of mergers and acquisitions, HR practices critical to successful combination and their role. Mergers and Acquisitions have become an unaccountable fact in recent years and it is a part of big business. In the early years, mergers and acquisitions researches are focussed on the financial and strategic issues. But the recent literature focuses on the Human Resources aspect of mergers and acquisitions. Merger can be defined as the combination of two or more companies merge or forming a new company. Whereas, Acquisitions are the process of purchasing one or more companies with no new companies are formed. This proposal will focus on a particular question (i.e.) whether the HR role is an effective tool for a company in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The earlier research paper which focussed on this topic has marked their fulfilment. HR function is becoming a strategic player in business. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: The Human Resources issues are handled in a unique way during the acquisition process which is essential for the successful outcome. In more, the management of the acquiring companies realizes the early need for incorporating human resources in their acquisition strategy. Making mergers and acquisitions in other countries is one way in which firms can absorb expertise and new practices, but many firms are not successfully tapping the diversity of practice that international mergers and acquisitions bring. This has a clear implication on the performance of organizations growing in this way. The Conference Board (1997) report states failure to recognize that HR issues are capable of derailing alliances that have all the prospects of financial success. In cross-border mergers and acquisitions, information regarding the merging or acquiring company is imposed and their impact on employees is more urgent for the acquired firm in order to understand the goals or ideas and the philosophy of the foreign acquiring company. Moreover, for the acquiring or merging company, should understand the local workforce, work conditions, national and organizational cultures and customs which is important in managing the integration process more effectively. In one cross-border merger or acquisition, the employees are not used in communication from top management, and consequently, communication after the merging or acquisition is an indication of weakness on the part of the acquiring company [Schweiger et al (1993, p.64)]. Therefore, in cross-border mergers and acquisitions the management team has an additional difficulty of understanding cultural issues, customs and incorporating them in the design of the integration process. Nowadays, mergers and acquisitions are a growing trend, and analysts in this field dont see any downturn over the next 10 years. Therefore, the need is to look at how human resources professionals can be effective in the success of an acquisition or merger. In the long run successful mergers and acquisitions occur when both sides are open to new possibilities. Merger and Acquisition activity presents a different and unique set of challenge for the human resource managers in both acquiring and acquired firms. This activity is found to have serious impact on the performance of the employees during the period of transition. The different practices in human resources, cultural differences, and differ Certain key issues that HR needs to address if the chances of success are to be effective includes: understanding, prior situation on acquisition, the strategic rationale underpinning the deal, opportunities to identify the cultural differences prior to a deal, so that effective integration programmes can be implemented immediately post-deal, the appointment of new management teams at all levels in the business, and exercising caution in estimating both the timeframe and the potential cost of redundancies and the costs of pragmatism are factored into the deal establishing early a flexible project management process, and ensuring that it has the necessary time, resources and processes to manage the transition communicating consistently, truthfully and when necessary. 3. METHODOLOGY: This proposal is to deliver the importance and need of human resources practices in mergers and acquisitions. In the early business the knowledge of human resources are very low and hence there is no chance of using it. But nowadays, it has been viewed a dramatic development among the organizations. Thus its essential to use these human resources professionals to be much more successful in mergers and acquisitions especially in cross-borders. This research proposal also showcase the handling of HR issues during international mergers and acquisitions is highly political which means that a lot of key issues reflect the competing interests of different groups within the merged firm. Hence, lot of issues are resolved in the way of negotiations and compromises between the two parties of the merger. The dynamics of cross-border mergers and acquisitions are relatively similar to those of domestic MAs. But, due to their international nature, they also involve typical challenges, as countries have different economic and cultural structures. Cross-border merger and acquisitions can be used to access nw markets, as well as expand the market for a firms current goods. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CROSS-BORDER MAS AS A DYNAMIC LEARNING PROCESS: *The due diligence process in cross-border MA: To identify appropriate acquisition targets and to negotiate and effectively complete acquisitions requires a thorough due diligence process. This process has features similar to the due diligence for domestic MAs. However, it is complicated by a few elements such as different institutional environments between the two firms and their two different cultures that appear even more crucial in cross-border MAs (Angwin, 2001). * The negotiation process in cross-border MA: Once the target firm has been selected and the initial due diligence process has been completed, the acquiring firm often has to settle the transaction to conclude the deal. Thus, the negotiation process becomes important. * The integration process in cross-border MA: The integration process is highly critical and important process for the success of the most acquisitions whether it is a domestic or international. While research on post MA integration, especially in cross-border MA, is very limited. DIFFRERNT METHODS OR APPROCHES IN MA: *Three Phase Approach: The human resource issues in the mergers and acquisitions (MA) can be classified in three phases. The literature source [e.g. Jansen 2000; Haspeslagh/Jemison 1991] provides ample evidence of difference in between the human resource activities in the two stages: the Pre-MA phase and Post MA phase. The first stage consists of preparation phase and transaction phase and the second stage has integration phase. The preparation phase diagram explains the need for a merger or acquisitions, which have been given by the companies objectives. There are many Human Resource issues along with other issues in the first phase. The preparation phase involves in the valuation of the cultural and organizational differences, which will include the organizational cultures, role of leaders in the organization, life cycle of the organization, and the management styles. The mergers often prove to be awful for the employees of acquired firms and their impact can range from anger to depression. The Transaction phase includes the search for an appropriate target company, the valuation, legal and financial negotiation. The last phase, integration, consists of fusing the two companies into one. The main idea for the merger and acquisition are similar, e.g. a respond to revolutionary change in the industry, the asset of funds to spare, the increase of shareholder value, the exploitation of economy of scale and scope [Haspeslagh/Jemison 1991; Gerpott 1993; von Krogh, et al. 1994]. *Multistage Approach: Factors affecting pre-merger planning and cross-border MA implementation processes are due diligence processes, and ultimately premium paid, influence the post-acquisition integration approach choice, speed of implementation process, transition management structure and cross-border MA. *Multidisciplinary Studies: The influence of strategic factors vary in MA in different countries, industries (high-tech vs. traditional). Insights can perspectives from strategy, organisational behaviour, international management, psychology, sociology, anthropology and other disciplines provide to our understanding of the nature, antecedents and cross-border merger and acquisition. *Multilevel Approach: This approach explains about the influence of the strategic factors, such as related vs. unrelated MA, which affect individuals stress, attitudes, and turnover in cross-border merger and acquisitions. Various human resources practices influence the effectiveness of post-acquisition integration and finally the overall merger and acquisition performance measures in cross-border MA. ETHICAL ISSUES: Mergers and Acquisitions are always involved in a wide range of questions. When two companies are merging with each other, a mismatch between them can sometimes lead to very serious problems such as when one firm invests heavily on the labour and another firm focuses on share holders and customers. In cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions these issues can happen because of their cultural and legal differences. In the case of such differences, the human resources professionals of merging companies should fight with the differences and indentify the fair sets of issues between them and what help them to build a cohesive organization with a single set of ethical standards. The specific aim of this research proposal is to review the current literature and some research by very reputable researchers to identify a best practise for human resource professionals in the cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The earlier research also suggests that up to 65% of mergers and acquisitions are failed due to the human resources which results n poor productivity. This proposal will deeply concentrate on the cultural and legal differences in the cross border mergers and acquisitions which can be solved by the effective human resources. TIMEFRAME and FEASIBLITY: There are three stages or elements of cross-border acquisition process anywhere around the world are Identification and valuation stage, Settlement of the transaction stage, Post acquisition management. *Identification and Valuation: To identify the target firm by entering a highly developed market which offers the widest choice of publicly traded firms with relatively well-defined markets. Once the identification of target firm is finished then the valuation process starts immediately. In todays global business a variety of valuation techniques are used with its relative merits. *Settlement of the transaction: Once the acquisition target company has been identified and valued, there comes the settlement stage which is time consuming and complex. This stage has three steps such as, tender process, regulatory approval, compensation settlement. Post acquisition management is the most critical of the three stages in determining an acquisitions success or failure. An acquiring firm can pay too little or too much, but if the post transaction is not managed effectively, the entire return on the investment is wasted. In this stage the motivations for the transaction must be realized. 4. RESEARCH CONTEXT: The purpose of this research is to recapitulate and discuss whether the contribution of a HR is effective in the success of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions. In the early years, mergers and acquisitions researches are focussed on the financial and strategic issues. But the recent literature focuses on the Human Resources aspect of mergers and acquisitions. Merger can be defined as the combination of two or more companies merge or forming a new company. Whereas, Acquisitions are the process of purchasing one or more companies with no new companies are formed. The specific aim of this research proposal is to review the current literature and some research by very reputable researchers to identify a best practise for human resource professionals in the cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Previous research paper from CIPD had demonstrated the way these issues are handled is strongly conditioned by the national systems. One feature of this is that the nationality of the dominant firm in a merger or acquisition leads to a country of origin effect, while another feature is the unique institutions and the culture of each national system that creates a host country effect. In cross-border mergers and acquisitions, information regarding the merging or acquiring company is imposed and their impact on employees is more urgent for the acquired firm in order to understand the goals or ideas and the philosophy of the foreign acquiring company. Merger and Acquisition activity presents a different and unique set of challenge for the human resource managers in both acquiring and acquired firms. This activity is found to have serious impact on the performance of the employees during the period of transition. Research on post-acquisition activities is limited and the study of post-acquisition and merger change has been rather fragmented. 5. FINDINGS: Human Resources role in Merger and Acquisition transactions can have a critical impact on deal outcomes. Factors such as the success and failure rates of Merger and Acquisition, motives of merger and merger types and provide significant insight into the reasoning for the exceptional role of HR in MA deals. In spite of the literature supporting the critical importance of Human Resources involvement in all phases of a transaction for the execution of successful MA, the empirical evidence suggests that there is little actual participation of Human Resources at the strategic level. The overall findings of a study conducted by the London School of Business (Hunt et al 1987) found that the Human Resources function is a theory or hypothesis to have a minimal, if any, role to play in the Merger and Acquisition process [http://airaanz.econ.usyd.edu.au/papers/Bennett.pdf]. Across the globe these finding results, are considered to be the whole Merger and Acquisition process or particular stages of the transaction such as identifying a target, negotiation, planning, implementation. 6. CONCLUSION: The challenges of HR is becoming much more difficult when it is compared with others in the business. Nowadays, HR functions are growing along with firms undergoing mergers and acquisitions. This proposal is the first stage of an ongoing research project. It has served two main purposes. The first has been to provide an authoritative picture of the nature of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions which shedding light on the nature of the HR function, the characteristics of HR policies and the process of organisational learning. The key to managing many integration issues successfully is an effective communication. This highlights the comprehensive communications strategy and implementing it with care and diligence. Thus the effective contribution of the Human Resources in the cross-border mergers and acquisitions are discussed and the key factors have been explained. Becoming an effective HR player adds the measurable economic value to firms in Cross-Border MA. REFERENCES: FAULKNER, D., PITKETHLY, R. and CHILD, J. (2002) International mergers and acquisitions in the UK 1985-94: a comparison of national HRM practices. International Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol 13, No 1. Pp106-122. CIPD. (2003) The HR role in international mergers and acquisitions. Research Report. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. pp1-35. Bijlsma-Frankema K., 2001, On Managing Cultural Integration and Cultural Change Processes in Mergers and Acquisitions, Journal of European Industrial Training, pp. 192-207. Griffith, V., 2000, The People Factor in Post Merger Integration, Strategy Business, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 83-90. http://www.bizresearchpapers.com/17%5B1%5D.Plessis.pdf http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4467/is_10_54/ai_66499153/pg_4/?tag=content;col1 http://www.123eng.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=137357 http://www.cyberessays.com/Term-Paper-on-The-Role-Of-Hr-In-Mergers/2451/ http://xlrisapphire.wordpress.com/2009/10/30/the-role-of-hr-in-merger s-acquisitions/ http://www.pearsoned.co.nz/LinkedFiles/Free/9780733980848/Eiteman-CH22.pdf http://faculty.business.utsa.edu/kshimizu/Publication/Cross-border%20MA%20%28JIM%29.pdf http://airaanz.econ.usyd.edu.au/papers/Bennett.pdf http://www.ifb.unisg.ch/org/ifb/ifbweb.nsf/SysWebRessources/beitrag48/$FILE/DB48.pdf http://stdwww.iimahd.ernet.in/~sandeepk/merger.pdf http://www.eurojournals.com/IRJFE4%208%20dimitrios.pdf http://www.chrs.rutgers.edu/pub_documents/Beatty-Schneier%20-%20New%20Roles%20-%20Partners%20to%20Players.pdf