To Kill a Mockingbird: The Scottsboro Boys Trail

1. The Scottsboro Trials are about when 9 black young men were arrested for assault and later raping two white women on a train coming from Paint Rock, Alabama. Later the court found all nine guilty and they were sentenced to death. A few years later the public found out that the white women were lying but only one of the men were retried and that one man was sentenced to life in prison for not doing anything. It affected America by showing how the court system was segregation in the 1930’s. 2. My feelings about the Scottsboro trials are all negative. I think this is unjust and unreasonable punishment for the nine black men. They didn’t do anything wrong and the court took the word of two white women which isn’t right. This whole trial was based on lies and racism. 3. The authorities in the Scottsboro trial were totally wrong. They based their accusations on segregation. If it was white men raping white women they would’ve been let off after learning that the women were lying. 4. The authorities obviously based the accusations on racism. Like I said if It were white men raping those women they would’ve let them go. 5. The decision to sentence all the men effected how America viewed black people. It made the ordeal of segregation a bigger situation than it already was. 6. At the end of the trial all were tried and sentenced to either death or life in prison. Later one was released by 1989 the last of the Scottsboro boys died. 7. Starting in the 1880’s the Jim Crow laws were enforced. They were what gave segregation its name. It prevented the races from doing anything together. . The Jim Crow Laws were enacted because of racial disagreement. All the Southern states wanted to limit the freedom of newly freed slaves. 9. The Jim Crow Laws had a selfish purpose. They were created to enforce segregation in schools, transportation, hotels and many more places in the south. 10. The Jim Crow Laws are so ridiculously unconstitutional. They limit colored peoples rights and give the whites everything. 11. The cause of The Great Depression was mostly caused by Black Tuesday also known as the day the stock market crashed. Other reasons consister od the banks failing, people couldn’t purchase across the border, the American economic policy with Europe, and the big drought which caused the dust bowl and made farmers fail. 12. Well the newly elected President Roosevelt did kind of pacts. Help give people jobs and improve the economy. That is what the government did to help the Great Depression heal. 13. Well the Great Depression made it twice as hard for southern blacks. Since they had just got out of slavery they were poor as it is. Most of them still trying to find jobs when the stock market crashed most white owned businesses wouldn’t hire blacks and most of the rest of the businesses weren’t hiring making it impossible to get a job and earn money for there familys. 14. Sharecropping was kind of a rip-off in my opinion. The newly freed slaves would take care of part of a white persons land for a share of the profit. 15. Separate but equal was about keeping the colors apart in two separate â€Å"communities† but giving them equal treatment.

Religion…True or False? Essay

For many people religion represents a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. Within this commitment encompasses a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, practices or system of beliefs held to with ardor and reliance. In Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle, Vonnegut introduces a religion known as Bokononism, which epitomizes a standard foundation built upon nothing more than â€Å"foma! Lies!† (Vonnegut 191). Bokononism focuses on man’s need for a God, even though Vonnegut believes there is no such thing. He expresses his beliefs of Divine Province, while making fun of Christianity, satirizing the notion that all religions are nothing more than lies. Religion gives many people a feeling of security because they believe that a divine power watches over them and promises them salvation and either happiness or the chance to improve themselves in a life after death. Bokononism is a religion based on lies, while Christianity is a based around the life and teachings of Christ and the sacred scripture of the Bible. Hence, the question is whether or not society bases religion, mainly Christianity, upon nothing more than â€Å"foma† itself. Bokononism breathed life when first founded by a Negro man named Lionel Boyd Johnson. The name Bokonon surfaced due to the fact that it rendered to be the â€Å"pronunciation given the name Johnson in the island’s English dialect† (Vonnegut 108). Bokonon creates the religion for the people of a small Caribbean island called San Lorenzo; he then makes it a point that â€Å"he and his religion be outlawed, and that those caught practicing it [are] to be killed† (Lundquist 37) by punishment of being hanged on the dreaded hook. Such an atrocity becomes enacted so the people will be happy and totally content, for by taking part in the religion that all people on the island practice, they partake in a rebellious action and can take the focus from their horribly useless lives. The idea is for that the religion and the government to constantly oppose each other, with Bokonon the virtuous prohibit, hiding from it all. The doctrines that make up Bokononism consist of a â€Å"language itself [that] is amusing, [yet] serves to outline an approach to life that has considerable appeal† (Lundquist 37) in which assists in capturing the true essence behind the religion. Coincidentally resembling Jesus and the bible, Bokonon relies on his vast variety of language, and his Books of Bokonon. His language consists of several significant key concepts such as a karass, which is a â€Å"team [of people] that do[es] God’s will without ever discovering what they are doing† (Vonnegut 2), thus revealing that â€Å"if you find your life tangled up with somebody else’s life for no very logical reasons†, writes Bokonon, â€Å"that person may be a member of your karass† (Simons 45). In The Books of Bokonon, Bokonon mainly comprises them of calypsos and such on religion, life, and perceptions. More importantly however exists the theory of Dynamic Tension. Such a theory embodies the belief of good versus evil, and maintaining the ongoing tension between the two. To draw a parallel, is the incident of the Garden of Good and Evil within Christianity. Christianity happened to be instituted on the existence and philosophy of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ’s life began after he was baptized by Saint John when he thirty years old. He set out with a certain ambition, being that he sought to announce that â€Å"the Kingdom of God was coming, and that it had begun to arrive even as He announced it† (Callan 2). Jesus established this ambition both verbally and physically by utilizing His phenomenon and philosophies. In addition, Jesus also preformed many miracles, in which he made reputable as to the benefit of other people not Himself. Among such miracles include: changing water into wine, walking on the sea, healing sick people, alleviating the pain of the suffering, restoring sight to the blind, and restoring to the disabled people the ability to use their limbs again (Callan 2). Overall, most Christians of society believe that Jesus portrays the bona fide savior that will, in the end, resuscitate humanity. Bokononism starts with a creation event, which mocks the Christian creation account. In Bokonon’s tale of creation God creates man and woman out of mud, rather than dust, and he concludes by allowing them to define their own purpose. While the difference between dust and mud seem insignificant, the purpose for humanity may be quite different. Bokonon tells man that his purpose in life is defined by himself, and not by God. Here on the opposite end of this, Christianity holds that every person’s purpose in life bestows to bring honor and glory to God, whether provided by preaching the good news (Gospel) or by practicing good works toward man, and letting the glory of God shine outward through them (Callan 1). Compared to Christianity, Bokononism does not specifically talk of man’s fall into sin, however, it does somewhat infer that Bokonon first preached on the folly of understanding and the hollowness of truth and human stupidity, which he ultimately won the people of San Lorenzo over with. Bokonon preached on man’s sin right from the beginning, similar to what may be depicted through the garden of Good and Evil in Christianity. â€Å"As helpful as Bokononism [was], as devoid of false pieties as it [was], as concerned as it [was] with human decency and the necessity of having a sense of purpose† (Lundquist 39) it, in the end, is nothing more then the notion of living â€Å"life by the foma that make[s] you brave and kind and healthy and happy† (Simons 39). Christianity often refers to good works as the doctrine of Sanctification (Knight 5). This doctrine begins with the understanding that man is sinful, and will be sinful until the day he dies. Regardless of what man does or tries to accomplish on earth, he will always be sinful, and will continue to fall into sin lurching ever so quickly toward eternal death and damnation (Knight 5-6). Vonnegut seems to perceive, like many, that Christians feel because they are spotless before the eyes of the Lord, that they can thus do what they please. The Holy Spirit corroborates work in a Christian’s life, and may even be responsible for the faith which breeds within a Christian. The basic principle behind sanctification is that the death of Christ, which the Holy Spirit has given faith in, is the inspiration and the power which pushes a Christian to do good works. Hence, this encompasses the doctrine of daily life, one which a Christian yearns to practice every day, and yet may be constant ly faced with a road block, the road block of sin. â€Å"Bokononism is a philosophy of flow, resisting entropy and harrowing the fixities that reduce societies to monomaniacal obsessions† (Simons 47) of harmless untruths. Bokonon â€Å"worships the human above all other values,† (Simons 45); however, at the same time relishes in the fact that the joke of â€Å"maintaining order† through the religion of Bokononism, serves as a joke being played on humanity thus revealing human stupidity. Bokononism denotes the joke on Christianity, every characteristic of Bokononism can be designed to mock Christianity in some manner or another. Bokonon insists that his own religion, which he created, is filled with lies and based on nothing else, yet all of the Island of San Lorenzo believes in Bokonon (Lundquist 135). Ultimately, â€Å"Bokononism refuses to blink at the hard truth of a reality it cannot alter, it nevertheless fictionalizes that reality† (Simons 40). Bokononists have to hide their religion, because the world hates and despises them for their beliefs. Much akin to the Bokononists, who are condemned to an oath of silence, Christians have to hide their voices and beliefs as well. Christians over time have been forced into hiding, because they are not considered â€Å"politically correct† and Bokononists have been shoved into hiding so as not to touch the â€Å"souls† of their feet, known as the art of Boko-Maru (Vonnegut 135). Simultaneously, they all enter a hiding, a hiding from the world which hates what it does not know, and what it does not know is good, and love. On the whole, Christian faith portrays the notion about seeking and knowing Jesus Christ with all facets of the human character. It corresponds to loving Him with all your heart, mind, soul and strength; therefore, certain individualistic and legitimate fallacies are flip sides of an error to the concept of Christianity. Underlying the error of the individualistic fallacy is the presumption that Jesus demands on societies lives in which can be satisfied by societies own efforts. The legitimate fallacy holds that there are possibly some set of rules of behavior which can be kept to earn a way into Jesus’ favor. Then, the next step of the fallacy can be established by insisting that, as long as society keeps Jesus’ rules and, thus, please Him, they are free in all other things to live their lives in their own way, entirely for their benefit, without further considering Him. We all look for ways to please Jesus, and avoid eternal punishment by simply keeping rules, with minimal actual contact with Him and without ever giving ourselves to Him. Nevertheless, this does not work that way, and the result of society pursuing religion in this way is usually horrendous, and furthermore is not a religion based on â€Å"foma†, or a certain principle, but based on a relationship with Jesus Christ. Prepositional Phrase Subject Verb Infinitive Phrase Adverb Clause Participial Phrase Adj. Clause -ly Adverbs Conjunctive Adverb Gerund Phrase Works Cited Callan, Terrance D. â€Å"Jesus Christ.† 31 May 2003. . Knight, Kevin. â€Å"Catholic Encyclopedia: Character of Jesus Chris.† May 31 200. . Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1977. Simons, John L. â€Å"Tangled Up in You: A Playful Reading of Cat’s Cradle.† Kurt Vonnegut. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Vonnegut, Kurt. Cat’s Cradle. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1963.

African Slaves Essay Example for Free

African Slaves Essay Slavery (449) , Slave (192) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Rationale My project will be to examine the lives of Indian Indentured labourers between 1845 and 1917. The reason I am examining their lives is to prove that Indian Indentureship was just another form of slavery with a different name. The project will also assist me in learning about the Indian Indentureship period for my CSEC examination. Introduction Indentured labour was something like the last resort for planters after slavery. After the abolition of slavery the planters were left with a labour shortage. In their search for other sources of labour the planters tried Chinese, Madeirans, even free African slaves but each of these options all had their disadvantages. After a trial and error period with many different labourers, it was found that the Indians were the ideal labourers. The Indentureship period was supposed to be a fair, humane and just system unlike the African slave trade and slavery on the whole but this was not the case. In many aspects of the Indentureship period, it was almost identical to slavery. In the following paragraphs it will be shown from the evidence given, that Indians were treated almost as badly as African slaves, proving that the Indentureship period was simply another form of slavery. Indentureship and slavery are basically the same thing but the major thing that differentiated them was the fact that the Indian labourers were legally owned while the African slaves were forced to work for the planters. The Indians were cheated into signing contracts which they didn’t understand with false promises of a better life and good working conditions. The Indians were gullible and were easily tricked into signing the contracts  which ran from 3-5 years. The African slaves on the other were kidnapped in most cases and forced to work for the rest of their usually short lives. Their only chance of freedom would be allowed only if they purchased it, which was very unlikely. The journey for both the Africans and the Indians began with a long journey on a boat in deplorable living conditions. For the Indians the journey lasted from 93 to 113 days which was longer than the journey of the Africans which lasted from 6 to 10 weeks. Although both journeys were bad the Middle passage was a little worse than the journey the Indians endured. They were both kept in confined spaces which was unhealthy, especially if kept for long periods of time. Because of their confinement diseases were easily s pread and the mortality rate was very high. Life on the plantation was not much different because their living quarter were also confined. African Slaves. (2016, Apr 08).

Technology and the Communication Process Research Paper

Technology and the Communication Process - Research Paper Example To gather information and review theories regarding communication processes, different academic websites, journals and books have been utilized to support arguments. How Communication Processes are influenced by the Use of Technology World has transformed into a global village, thanks to the arrival of a number of technological developments. These technological developments has enabled person sitting at one corner of the world to communicate with another person sitting at the opposite corner of the world. All of this is possible just because of gadgets, computers, internet and efforts to close the gap between people living on earth. It can be argued that in today’s era, all communication processes are based on technology, with the exception of face to face communication or speech based communication. From the beginning of the human race on earth, human has strived to develop methods and technologies that help them to keep a record of their imagination and thought processes. Fi rst, we used to have stone tablets which were replaced with the advent of the printing press and then with the emergence of computers. Thus, the communication processes adopted by the human race has been changed from time to time (Cuel & Ferrario, 2007). Before going into further detail, it is important to understand the communication process. ... The second step was the message which was named as intended message design which clarified the audience that it actually includes the purpose, language and priorities included as content in the message. The third step in Shannon and Weaver’s communication model was channel which was named as a medium of communication by Berlo. The last and fourth step was receiving of message at the receiver’s end which heavily depends upon the perception of the receiver. Here, the impact of technology on communication processes would be discussed with respect to an individual’s personal and professional life. First of all it need to be understood that communication carried out with the use of technology is referred to as mediated communication. If you are using a cell phone to send a message, it is mediated communication. If you are sending an email to communicate, it is mediated communication. Even if you are delivering your intended message through television to mass audiences , it is also called mediated communication. In our personal lives, we get engaged in communication processes for almost 18 hours of the day. If it was the 18th century, then a person who is engaged for 18 hours in communicating with people would go mad due to lack of facilitating gadgets available (Tomei, 2007). Imagine women of 18th century sitting in Europe wanted to send her beloved husband her picture to ease of his nerves during the tiring war that he is engaged in Caribbean. It would take a month or a couple of months for the picture to reach at desired destination as it will be carried through sea-route. At that time, people used sketches to make such communications and write a number of pages to express their feelings. Then came the

Corporate Manslaughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Manslaughter - Essay Example If the director or senior manager is found guilty then the company is also found guilty. But if the director or senior manager is found to be innocent then even the company is found to be innocent. (Bergman, 2003) Involuntary manslaughter is when someone kills without actually intending to cause death or serious hurt but was blameworthy in some way. There are multiple categories of manslaughter. There is also a concept of gross negligence manslaughter. According to the Crown Prosecution Service there are various factors to be taken into consideration before a company can be prosecuted for gross negligence manslaughter. The first factor to be considered is that there was a duty of care owed by the accused to the deceased. The second factor to be proved is that there was a breach of duty of care by the charged. The third factor to be proved is that the death of the deceased was caused by the breach of duty of care by the accused. The fourth important factor to be considered is that the breach of duty of care by the accused was big enough to be characterised as gross negligence and therefore an offense. Under the current law it is mandatory to identify a specific individual as a controlling mind who is personally guilty of manslaughter. ... This is the biggest stumbling block in trying to prove corporate manslaughter. In spite of very serious failures by the directors and senior managers of large companies it has been very difficult to prosecute them. One of the reasons is that large companies frequently assign safety decisions to junior managers or to outside agencies. (Bergman, 2003) In the past some large companies have been charged for manslaughter but unfortunately all the cases have failed. The Herald of Free enterprise sank off the coast of Zeeburgge in March 1987 shortly after it had left the port with its bow doors open. The trail collapsed during its initial stages. The judge ruled that there was no sufficient evidence of negligence on the part of the directors or senior managers which possibly could have resulted in the disaster in which 193 passengers were killed. (Bergman, 2003) The Southall rail crash occurred in September 1997 on the Great Western Railway Line at Southall. Six people were killed and over a 150 people were injured. The crash occurred when 1032 Great Western Intercity from Swansea to London Paddington which was operating with a defective Automatic Warning System indicator went through a red signal and collided with a goods train (Southall Rail Crash, 2006). The company was exonerated of corporate manslaughter after Scott Baker J ruled that the liability of manslaughter can only be imposed on the company on the principle of identification. (Simester and Sullivan, 2002) The Crown Prosecution Service tried to impeach the company without prosecuting any individual director or manager. But due to the court ruling the case could not go ahead on this basis. The company was fined 1.5 million pounds after it pleaded guilty to

Significance of the Dog in J.M. Coetzee's disgrace Essay

Significance of the Dog in J.M. Coetzee's disgrace - Essay Example This is Coetzee’s first book that deals explicitly with South Africa’s post apartheid scenario, that paints a cheerless picture and comforts no one, no matter to which race or nationality they belong. Coetzee’s primary theme in ‘Disgrace’ revolves around a man who is broken down and reduced to almost nothing, but finally searches and finds a small speck of redemption by way of his acceptance of the realities of life and death. The protagonist in the story is Professor David Lurie and Coetzee’s notion of life with its harsh realities and brutal tyranny being replaced by brutal anarchy are reflected through his protagonist David in South Africa, a place filled with social and political conflicts. Coetzee’s scintillating novel makes use of a metaphorical device such as the use of different animals and in particular dogs to bring out the developments of his characters. Dogs play a stylistic role in this novel as it is portrayed as being a m eans of protection for the Whites. During his childhood, Coetzee’s mother created a great impact on him where dogs were concerned. It is her influence which was a major contributing factor for Coetzee to use dogs as the defining factor in his novel ‘Disgrace’. His mother often reflected on her past life which included the â€Å"walks with the dogs†. ... David is a divorced, middle-aged scholar of Romantic poetry, who during the Mandela Era, became a victim of "the great rationalization". His university was replaced by a Technical University at Cape Town where he teaches lessons in â€Å"Communicative skills† that he finds rather useless and nonsensical. The dignity he has there, is short lived as he is caught having a relationship with one of his poetry students and is dismissed from the university. Coetzee describes him as â€Å"a mad old man sitting among the dogs singing to himself†; a man who invests his last savings into a pickup truck to pursue his work as a dog-undertaker. David further sinks in disgrace when he patronizes a prostitute and buys her gifts, but in the course of this relationship he becomes such a nonentity that she refuses to see him. He imagines her and her friends shuddering when they see him just as  "as one shudders at a cockroach in a washbasin in the middle of the night". David contemplate s asking his doctor to castrate him in the way one neuters a domestic animal. In Coetzee’s story this is the first reference made between human and animal existence. One of Coetzee’s striking techniques is to explore what it is to be human, which is deftly brought out through his characters by placing them in extreme and compelling situations. The protagonist David has to experience and endure physical torment and psychological abasement. He falls deep into disgrace and flees Cape Town to his daughter Lucy’s remote farm. Lucy hears his story and very matter- of- factly tells him, "This is the only life there is. Which we share with animals." This is another one of the comparisons made in this story between humans and

How can scarcity be a problem in the capitalist economy when the shops Essay

How can scarcity be a problem in the capitalist economy when the shops are well stocked, there are over 2.5 million people unemp - Essay Example Thus the concept of exchange arises here. The capitalist countries on one hand have enough amount of capital but they have scarcity of labour which the socialist or the developing economies have. Thus there arises a concept of exchange that would ensure that the production takes place in both the economies in a successful manner. There have been paradoxical evidences however which shows that even in the capitalist countries there is excess supply of labour and the level of unemployment is quite high. This essay is an analysis of this paradox that arises in the context of capitalist economies and the level of scarcity. Discussion of the position In order to proceed with the main problem of the essay it is important to look into the different theories that are necessary to build up the argument. The economic system is a method of the allocation of limited resources of the necessary goods like grain and butter to the economic agents that make up the society. There are various types of e conomic systems like the socialist system, the capitalist system as well as the mixed economy system. In the socialist system the entire decision regarding the allocation of the resources lies with the government existing in the economy. The government acts as the owner of the means of production in such a case (Snooks, 1999, pp. 393-399). Thus the distribution of the grain and butter is mainly done by the government of the country to the people of the country. The production of even the basic grain and butter is done by the factories that are under the ownership of the government. Erstwhile China as well as Cuba and North Korea are examples of such economics where the principles of communism are being practised. The government in such countries is the sole decision maker regarding the level of production and the allocation of resources (Conklin, 1991, p. 427). Alternatively, in case of the capitalist economies the process of production is undertaken by the private players. In almos t all the capitalist economies there is a government but the function of the government is restricted to the regulatory aspects of the country and to ensure that the laws are obeyed. The main function is limited to the collection of the taxes and the protection of the citizens (Stephen, 1998, pp. 31-49). The market power lies mainly with the players that are dominant in the market. The UK, the US as well as the German economies constitute the capitalist nations (Slater and Tonkiss, 2001, pp. 31-40). The characteristics of these nations are that free market is allowed to operate and the prices in the economy are determined by the forces of the demand and supply. The prices of grain and butter would be determined by the market forces of demand and supply. Thus the optimal production would take place at the point where the quantity demanded would be equal to the quantity supplied. Therefore the intervention of the government is this context is almost zero. Source: Winch, 1984, p. 14 Th e optimal price of bread in this economy would be $2.50. However the buyers would be able to buy 2 breads at $3. But this would be subject to the budget constraint of the consumers who buy the product. Alternatively a developed country is one in which the major part of the GDP is contributed by the industry or the services sector rather than the agricultural sector. Thus the developed countries are those which have passed through the various stages of development

Statistics Problems Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Statistics Problems - Speech or Presentation Example The mean of the distribution was 60,000 miles and the standard deviation 2,000 miles. 38. The mean amount purchased by a typical customer at Churchill’s Grocery Store is $23.50 with a standard deviation of $5.00. Assume the distribution of amounts purchased follows the normal distribution. For a sample of 50 customers, answer the following questions. 54. Families USA, a monthly magazine that discusses issues related to health and health costs, surveyed 20 of its subscribers. It found that the annual health insurance premiums for a family with coverage through an employer averaged $10,979. The standard deviation of the sample was $1,000. 42. During recent seasons, Major League Baseball has been criticized for the length of the games. A report indicated that the average game lasts 3 hours and 30 minutes. A sample of 17 games revealed the following times to completion. (Note that the minutes have been changed to fractions of hours, so that a game that lasted 2 hours and 24 minutes is reported at 2.40 hours.) 58. The amount of income spent on housing is an important component of the cost of living. The total costs of housing for homeowners might include mortgage payments, property taxes, and utility costs (water, heat, electricity). An economist selected a sample of 20 homeowners in New England and then calculated these total housing costs as a percent of monthly income, five years ago and now. The information is reported below. Is it reasonable to conclude the percent is less now than five years ago? 42. Martin Motors has in stock three cars of the same make and model. The president would like to compare the gas consumption of the three cars (labeled car A, car B, and car C) using four different types of gasoline. For each trial, a gallon of gasoline was added to an empty tank, and the car was driven until it ran out of

Appropriate Changes in the Operation of Unlisted Real Estate Funds Essay

Appropriate Changes in the Operation of Unlisted Real Estate Funds Market - Essay Example From 2002 to 2007, there occurred yield compression, the capital values of real estate rose rapidly, and the availability of capital for investment in the real estate increased drastically. â€Å"The rapid rise in property values was already losing momentum prior to the liquidity crisis of the summer of 2007, which in turn triggered a significant downturn in both the broader economy and the property market† (pwc.co.uk, 2012, p. 4). The global financial crisis has severely tested the managers of unlisted real estate funds in a whole range of ways that include but are not limited to investor activity, liquidity management, vacation accuracy of indirect as well as direct holdings, availability of asset, pricing, debt management, investor communication, and unit pricing. All of this has happened in context of the economic instability along with market commentary and an increasingly subjective media. In spite of the fact that the global financial crisis has receded and the flow of money in the unlisted real estate funds has started to become normal, yet much needs to be done to resolve the process of selectivity by the investors. The movement of capital because of the cost of withdrawal of the funds has inertia as an inherent feature. The under-performance of open-ended funds by few investors has enabled them to withdraw funds and use the secondary market for selling interests. In some cases, the investors have made a joint effort to change the funds’ manager. The complete effect of judgment of the investors upon the fund managers can take years to play out rather than few months because the deployment of new capital is the decision of the investors. Fund managers who have not been able to satisfy their investors may find it difficult to raise new funds. Collection of the new funds makes the depiction of success and loss among the fund managers more apparent. â€Å"Unlisted funds typically are structured as a private equity fund† (Huibers, 2012, p. 5). Since the onset of the global financial crisis, there has occurred immense change in the landscape of real-estate private-equity in terms of drawing out of numerous financial institutions from the unlisted real-estate market and sale of platforms (Yue et al., 2010). During the global financial crisis, the investors were struck into funds which they could not find escape from easily. After gaining this experience, many investors are looking for more flexibility in the real estate investment. Cash-rich investors wanted to increase their equity in an attempt to keep the bank from seizing their portfolio in cases of breaches of loan-to-value. Fund managers realized that some investors were not able to match the investments. The interests became so divergent that it was hard to reconcile. As a result of this, many investors are nowadays looking for like-minded co-investors for partnership with them so as to be able to reach agreement easily in the times of conflict. This trend re duces the size of the investors’ clubs established to invest money in specific portfolios, properties, and redevelopment projects. There are also certain investors who are seeking funds to get them structured in such a way that increases the liquidity. Investor registers are also being made by the large pooled funds to improve communication among the investors. Debt and the way it was dealt with by the fund managers during the last boom and bust is an important issue. Debt was readily

Theory of Managing and Leading Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Theory of Managing and Leading Change - Essay Example The evaluation of this decision rests solely on the shoulders of the decision makers at AEGON who were doing their best to expand their business realms within different international markets. Since comprehending the environment was mandatory on their part, their next step was to get familiarized with the key issues that they shall be getting used to as far as managing operations were concerned. This is a certain aspect that reduction of uncertainty will come about as a positive step for the sake of managing and leading a positive change, in line with the AEGON case. The theory of managing and leading change is essentially the inherent basis for the sake of AEGON since it wishes to move towards the UK market and explore the market there. Since the people have a diabolical and confusing perspective regarding the life insurance and pensions industry in general, AEGON is marred with such viewpoints on the part of the people and this is where leading a positive change comes into the equat ion. It shall resolve the ambiguities that exist within the related domains and create a room of optimism all around. Appointing a new CEO for the UK market is a step in the right direction as it will set the basis for bringing in a new thought process into the fray. Also instituting audit committees would resolve the issues which have sprung up for all the wrong reasons within AEGON for a specified period of time. Essentially speaking, leading and managing change is a difficult process which once undertaken can only rein in positive results for organizations and their top management realms. Hence it would be a good option for AEGON to enter the UK market and make a name for its own self which will be the basis of its success in the years to follow (Marshak, 2004:112). Â  

Psychological makeup of a terrorist Essay Example for Free

Psychological makeup of a terrorist Essay The attack brought with it a number of repercussions. For instance, immediately after the attack, the nation’s economy went into a sudden plunge. This is because the stock exchange for the day was canceled by not only the NYSE but also NASDAQ (Morgan, 2009). Although the attack was meant to affect the US economy, it also affected nations such as such as those in Britain. For instance, after the attack, London Stock Exchange was also forced to close due to fear of similar attacks. The economic drop brought with it a number of consequences. For instance, there was a hike in the price of commodities such as gold as well as fuel and gas. Apart from the rise of commodity prices, the US also suffered a drop on its currency, which was quite devastating (Roberts, 2011). Similarly, after the incident, hundreds of flights were grounded not only in the US but globally, hence, this resulted to more financial losses for the nation. Psychological makeup of a terrorist                     According to Kershaw (2010), terrorists usually decide to commit such atrocities due to a number of factors that are normally exposed to them the moment they make up their minds to join terrorist organizations. First, terrorists are usually made to believe that they are in accordance with religion when they commit atrocities such as mass killings and suicide bombings. Additionally, terrorists also believe that when they become martyrs if they die with many people since to them it is honorable to die fighting infidels (Kershaw, 2010). It is because of such beliefs that drives most of the terrorists into committing killings as the ones witnessed in the US. What type of people become terrorists?                     Terrorism is quite dynamic; this is because there is usually no specific age, education level as well as religion that one needs to be so that he can qualify to become a terrorist (Hewitt, 2003). According to studies, it is because of the dynamic nature of terrorism that it is quite difficult to know exactly in what manner the terrorists will attack. The fact that terrorists can board a plane and take control of it is enough proof that most of them are well educated. This is because it is not possible for an illiterate person to operate a plane. According to studies, not all terrorists are of Islamic religion; this is because there are others who join terrorist organizations for quick fame (Hewitt, 2003). Conclusion                     Although terrorism has been around for a long time, the 9/11 attack on the US was the day that the world realized the extent that terrorism had evolved. This is because unlike in the past, terrorists of the current generation are so daring to the extent that they can go ahead and commit suicide just to get their opinion heard. One of the reasons why terrorists decide to commit such atrocities is because of their religious beliefs. According to terrorists’ beliefs, one becomes a martyr if he dies fighting infidels. References Bergen, P. (2006). â€Å"What Were the Causes of 9/11?† Prospect Magazine. Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/features/whatwerethecausesof911 Hewitt, C. (2003). Understanding Terrorism in America: From the Klan to Al Qaeda. United Kingdom: Psychology Press Hoffman, B. (2013). Inside terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press. JREF. (2011). What Motivated the 9/11 Hijackers? Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http://forums.randi.org/showthread.php?t=238563 Kershaw, S. (2010). â€Å"The Terrorist Mind: An Update.† The New York Times. Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/weekinreview/10kershaw.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Malisow, B., French, J. L. (2008). Terrorism. New York, NY: Chelsea House. Morgan, M. J.(2009). The impact of 9/11 on business and economics: The business of terror. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Roberts, B.W. (2011). Macroeconomic Impacts of the 9/11 Attack: Evidence from Real-Time Forecasting. Collingdale: DIANE Publishing Schmemann, S. (2010). â€Å"Hijacked Jets Destroy Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon.† The New York Times. Retrieved on 10 September 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0911.html Source document

Environmental Science Essay Example for Free

Environmental Science Essay Gagandeep Rai Period 3/4 Criteria air pollutants assignment​ Multiple Choice 1. A pungent reddish ­brown gas often associated with photochemical smog. (C) NO2 2. A corrosive gas from burning coal often associated with industrial smog. (d) SO2 3. A dangerous indoor air pollutant. (A) CO 4. Emitted from diesel and burning fuel. (E) PM10 5. All of the following are examples of primary air pollutants except. (c) tropospheric ozone 6. The greatest emission of sulfur dioxide comes from (C) Industrial processes 7. The least amount of nitrogen oxide emissions comes from (A) on ­ road vehicles 8. The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentrations of (B) volatile organics 1. What are they? The six criteria air pollutants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides,lead,particulate matter and tropospheric ozone. These six pollutants significantly threaten human health, ecosystems and/or structures. 2. How is each produced? Sulfur dioxide is mostly produced from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil. It can also be released during volcanic eruptions. Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicles as well as stationary fossil fuel combustion. Some is also released through lightning and forest fires.Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion of most matter. Vehicle exhaust and many other combustion process produce Carbon monoxide. It is also a indoor pollutant when exhaust systems on natural gas heaters misfunction. Carbon dioxide is produced from complete combustion of most matter such as biomass and fossil fuels . Particulate matter is released when fossil fuels and bio fuel is burned. Also it is released with activities that involve movement of dust or sand. Lead is released from old paint, gasoline additive and combustion of fossil fuels.

The Wife of Bath Analysis

The Wife of Bath Analysis Chaucer is generally considered as the father of English poetry; looking specifically at The Canterbury Tales we can see that Chaucer attempted to portray a depiction of society as he knew it. It is also evident that he attempted to provide his own commentary on his society. Chaucer distances himself from the comments made in The Canterbury Tales as he tells his audience Blameth nat me (Chaucer, 2006, line 73) if they are to take offense from what the Miller says as it is not Chaucer, himself, saying it, he simply has too repeat what was said. This is a very clever technique that Chaucer uses so that he cant be faced with controversy or come under attack from any one as he has only repeated this tale. Chaucer would have had to ensure that his work did not offend those in the church, seeing as the church was the only place where literature was preserved. However Chaucer still attacks society, and the greed of the church amongst other social issues, by not personally saying it, he skilfully distances himself from the issues he highlights in this tales. Chaucer also manages to tactfully deal with these issues, resulting in highly enjoyable tale, which offers a social commentary on a society faced with corruption and hypocrisy. The Canterbury Tales was written in a time where an audible, social reading of literature (Ford, 1976, p86) was preferred, this is possibly because of the influence that the church had on Medieval Literature. One of the main reasons for this may be due to the church, as they supplied the only form of education, everyone at church would have been listened to preachers, and as preaching itself had throughout the Middle Ages a great influence on other literature of all sorts (Ford, 1976, p85) it is not unreasonable to assume that this is why oral forms of literature were preferred in the medieval period. The Canterbury Tales were written as thought hey were being spoken aloud, so they fit in well with this medieval trend. The language and diction used in both The Millers Tale and The Wife of Bath conforms to a plain, low style (King, 2000, p47). Chaucers dominant sentence structure is paratactic (King, 2000, p47); with a rhyme scheme consisting of couplets of iambic pentameters (King, 2 000, p47). The purpose of Chaucers use of language, allows both tales to be easily read aloud for a group of people, rather than just read alone. Aware of his language choices, Chaucer will have also been attempting to make the background story to The Canterbury Tales seem authentic. The narrator is telling these stories on a pilgrimage to Canterbury, so as we read the tales to ourselves we can get a sense of the pilgrimage, and the way these tales would have been told. Chaucer uses The Canterbury Tales as a social commentary. Through the general prologue we can see how he feels about whole sections of society by making individuals represent whole groups of medieval life (Bunting, 2003, p6). These representations slowly begin to build up an entire view of Chaucers life in the medieval period. The Canterbury Tales is famous for upsetting the social hierarchy. Despite the conventions, after the Knights tale is told at the very beginning the rest of the tales are not told in order of those with the higher social standing, as would be conventionally expected. Certain characters interrupt, pushing their tales over others, making The Canterbury Tale humorous as it does not follow the conventional order as som bettre man shal telle us first another (Chaucer, 2006, Line 21). Chaucer also satirises the medieval idea of romance, through the tales, he satirises courtly love, and how it is portrayed as being the ideal way to create a romance. The Millers Tale, in particular, satirises this concept as it is a parody romance (King, 2000, p73). This medieval concept is often found ridiculed in these tales. In the Wife of Bath she admits that I have wedded five! (Chaucer, 1995, line 44), if this had been a courtly love, surely it would have lasted and the Wife of Bath would not have been able to marry again, out of love for her previous husband. Absolon in the Millers Tale attempts to woo Alison using techniques expected of a courtly lover, however he fails to impress Alison and his efforts go unrecognised. Chaucer uses the literary convention of courtly love with Absolon to demonstrate just how ridiculous the efforts of the courtly lover can be, and how ridiculous it can be presented in literature. Chaucer is able to express some views on religion in the tales, even though he would have had to ensure that this was not a deliberate or obvious attack on the church. In the Millers Tale Absolon is satirised as the parish clerk (Chaucer, 2006, line 204) as That of no wyf took he noon offrynage (Chaucer, 2006, line 242). Chaucer also suggests that when Alison goes to church it is much more of a social outing, rather than a religious event. In the Wife of Bath the satire is directed at the sex obsessed and guilt-ridded attitudes of medieval christianity (Whittock, 1968, p121). The main social issue that Chaucer is seen to satirise in both these tales is the idea that women are repressed. Chaucer seemed able to perceive the genius and subtlety of the female mind in making the best of their situation in life, while still allowing the men to think they were in control (Bunting, 2003, p5). This is perhaps best envisioned in The Wife of Baths Prologue. She mentions her having had wedded five! (Chaucer, 1995, line 44). However she is able to defend this position that she is in as God says that to be wedded is no sinne (Chaucer, 1995, line 51), she also asks when God commanded he virgintee? (Chaucer, 1995, line 62). She speaks out against the church and what they are saying in the medieval period, where women were given two stereotypes, either compared to the treacherous Eve, or had to live up to the standards of the Virgin Mary with her being both a virgin and a mother this was an impossible role model for women to achieve. The Wife of Bath is unashamedly a larger than life character designed to squash the constraints that medieval Christianity have placed upon women. She is a matriarchal figure who has declared war on mankind (Whittock, 1968, p119) Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to defend womankind. Chaucer looks at the relationship between the two sexes, as it is often perceived that women were always the weaker of the two, due to all the constraints put upon them from the Medieval church. However Chaucer seems to argue that not only do they not deserve this, but that women are cleverly able to control men, by subtlety manipulating them, however they exist in a masculine world so self-satisfied, or stupid to realise it (Bunting, 2003, p45). The Wife of Baths tale itself sees an important moral message, Chaucer cleverly places behind the shadow of the Wife of Bath. Faced with the issue of what women desire, the Knight concludes that: Wommen desiren have sovereynetee As wel over hir housbond as hir love, And for to been in maistrie hym above. (Chaucer, 1995, lines 1038-1041) The moral hides not behind the fact that women desire equality, the tale condemns the desire for mastery (Whittock, 1968, p126). When the Knight allows the woman to be independent and gives her the choice to be with him, he does not force his will upon her, resulting in an ideal relationship between the two. Chaucer demonstrates that possessing a woman can bring no man joy, out of fear that they will end up a cokewold (Chaucer, 1995, line 1214). When the woman chooses the Knight Chaucer shows that woman should have the right to choose their husband too, and more importantly he shows that when this happens this creates the best marriage. With the Wifes constant use of plural, it dissolves her individual situation into a general female experience (Saunders, 2001, p292) emphasising that this is a universal problem for all women in the medieval period. In the Millers Tale Alison manages to secure a victory at the end, being the only character not punished for her actions. She is able to manipulate Nicholas into thinking that she was doing him a favour by sleeping with him, however it is obvious throughout the tale that it is mutually beneficial for both of them. She manages to escape her narwe (Chaucer, 2006, line 116) cage (Chaucer, 2006, line 116). Both the Wife of Bath and Alison demonstrate that Chaucer definitely approved of women being treated as equal to men, allowing them to choose their own destiny, he also held them in high regard for their ability to overcome the fact that they were used as a commodity by men by quietly controlling small issues, eventually helping their own trapped and difficult situation. However it can be argued that although the Wife of Bath was a vehicle for satirising male attitude (Whittock, 1968, p121), but also to satirise female attitudes (Whittock, 1968, p121). She is a grotesque personification of all the undesirable traits found in women. While she argues that God has never forbidden marriage, and that she is actually doing a good thing by following her owene juggement (Chaucer, 1995, line 68), she then contradicts her arguments for marrying five times by wondering why members maad of generacion (Chaucer, 1995, line 116) were made and argues that they were nat maad for noght (Chaucer, 1995, line 118). This statement suggests that she marries for sex and lustful thoughts, not for the ideal love. The Wife of Bath is every anti feminists dream come true (Cooper, 1983, p76). It is argued that Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to make these arguments against the church and male dominance as she is sexually predatory, extravagantly dressed, ultra sensitive to social positions and worst of all irresistible attractive (Cooper, 1983, p76). She is over indulgent, and it is often suggested that she has married her husbands for reasons other than love, something both the church and society frowned upon, regardless of gender. Alison is described by Chaucer using a heavy amount of animal imagery, suggesting that she is in fact an animal, with uninhibited desires and wild attitudes. She is also described with a high undertone of sexuality, again suggesting her unmanageable sexuality. This is not a woman who would be expected to dispute the controlling power men hold over them; although neither does the Wife of Bath, yet in both Tales women secure a victory, albeit a small one, against the men in their lives. Suggesting that Chaucer is not only trying to give women a disguised victory, but shows that in every undesirable position you find yourself in there will always be a small victory to be had. Chaucer is viewed as inheritor of a great tradition as well as the inventor of a new one (Saunders, 2001, p5) he stuck to particular conventions of the medieval period, and is work is characteristically medieval. He is also held in high regard as he invents a whole new way of tackling many of the medieval literary and social issues that he did not agree with in this social commentary. Chaucer has contributed highly to literary criticism as he produced a prose narrative that is clearly medieval in its style and delivery, however its message provides a strong moral message, and a social commentary on a society that without literature we would not know how society worked and what people thought about it without Chaucers work providing a social commentary and literary criticism.

The Failure of the Welfare System in France Essay -- The Violence of H

IntroductioThe Algerian War of Independence in 1962 marked the end of France’s colonial regime. Before decolonization, Algeria had been held as the prize of the French empire, â€Å"one of the most beautiful provinces of France.† While it is somewhat inaccurate to pose Algeria and France as separate states throughout the process of colonization and decolonization, for consistency and clarity, Algeria and France will be referred to as separate entities, although for much of the studied time period, Algeria was a part of France. Algeria and France enjoyed a special relationship, beyond that which France had with its other colonies. This allowed freer migration between Algeria and France, and France fought harder to keep Algeria as a colony than it did with any of its other colonies. It established two separate welfare programs, one track for immigrants from countries other than Algeria and one for Algerians. Throughout this process, Algerians and other Maghrebi immigran ts were integral to the French industrial force even as immigration policy changed around them. This paper seeks to unpack the French welfare state and humanitarian aid through the lens of housing for Algerian immigrants between the end of World War II and the mid 1970s. Ultimately, I argue that the welfare state in France is founded on flawed perceptions of â€Å"the other† and that humanitarian aid as it stands in France only works to perpetuate inequalities. The first recorded evidence of Algerian immigrants in France dates from 1871, just at the beginning of the second industrial revolution. It was not until just before World War I, though, that any significant migration to France took place. At this time, no migration from Algeria to France was permanent migration, a... ...n France.† MERIP Reports No. 34, 1-12. French Court of Auditors. â€Å"De la SONACOTRA à   Adoma : des dà ©rives corrigà ©es tardivement† in Rapport public annuel 2013 – fà ©vrier 2013. (See attachment) â€Å"France: Soundtrack to a Riot† http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2006/03/france_soundtralinks.html, Accessed 27 April, 2014. Lyons, Amelia. The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013. Mehta, Brinda. â€Å"Negotiating Arab-Muslim Identity, Contested Citizenship, and Gender Ideologies in the Parisian Housing Projects: Faà ¯za Guà ¨ne’s Kiffe Kiffe Demain.† Research in African Literatures, Vol. 41, No. 2, 173-202. Ticktin, Miriam. â€Å"Where Ethics and Politics Meet: The Violence of Humanitarianism in France.† American Ethnologist, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb, 2006), 33-49.

Christians and Muslims :: Religion, The Quran, The Bible

Why Don’t Christians Accept the Quran as a Revelation of God? Everything in the Quran that agrees with the Bible is accepted by Christians. However, Christians will not accept the Quran as a divine revelation if any part of the Quran contradicts either the Bible or the Quran itself. The Creation Story Christians believe that Heaven and Earth were created in six days. This is stated in the Bible and some verses of the Quran. But, the Quran in Sura 41:9-12 tells us that the earth was finished in six days, and the heavens took an additional two days to create. How can this be? The Bible’s creation story is consistent from beginning to end wherein the Quran’s creation story changes from six days in Sura 7:54 to eight days in Sura 41:9-12 The Crucifixion of Jesus The most compelling contradiction for a Christian concerns the death of Jesus. The Bible tells us that Jesus was crucified and died upon the cross. The Quran in Sura 19:33 agrees with the Bible. Yet, Sura 4:157,158 denies the death of Jesus. Which one is true? Jesus did not die (Sura 4:157,158), or Jesus did die (Sura 19:33)†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!" Mary the Mother of Jesus The Bible tells us that Mary was the mother of Jesus, and Miriam was the sister of Moses and Aaron. The Koran names Mary as the sister of Aaron, when Aaron lived 1570 years before Mary (Sura 19:28). If the Koran is perfect, why doesn’t it differentiate between Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron, and Mary who became the mother of Jesus Christ (Sura 19:28)? Also, Mary was not from the tribe of Levi, but from the tribe of Judah. Is Alcohol to be Enjoyed or Is It Evil? In sura 47:15, those who keep their duty to God are promised rivers of wine. In sura 5:90, alcohol is referred to as Satan’s handiwork. Noah’s Family was Saved from the Flood The Bible teaches that Noah and all his children were saved from the flood in Genesis Chapters 7-8. The Quran agrees with this in Sura 21:76, but is contradicted in Sura 11:43. Which part of the Quran is true? ''Noah ... we saved him and his household from the great affliction" (Sura 21:76); or, ''Noah cried unto his son .

Free College Essays - Ideal Distraction in Knowles A Separate Peace :: A Separate Peace Essays

A Separate Peace  Ã‚   Ideal Distraction    A Separate Peace  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"It wasn’t the cider which made me surpass myself, it was this liberation we had torn from the gray encroachments of 1943, the escape we had concocted, this afternoon of momentary, illusory, special and a separate peace,† (128) reflects Gene Forrester after his carefree outing at the winter carnival. John Knowles in a Separate Peace uses an unusual plot to give the reader an illusionary sense of peace and security, found only at Devon, during a time of great war, through isolating specific idealistic moments from the sin and evil that encompasses them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author stresses certain events or moments in the story to deepen the illusion of peace and tranquility taking the reader further away from the real truth. Knowles uses Finny’s superior leadership skills to invent a summer game called Blitzball and conduct the winter carnival. Both of which were tools describing ideal moments used to distract the reader from reality that there is a battle being fought.   Another idyllic event Knowles uses to his advantage was when Gene found his rhythm, †Buoyed up, I forgot my usual feeling of routine self-pity when working out, I lost myself, oppresses mind along with aching body; all entanglements were shed, I broke into the clear.† (112) Utilizing this the author was able to divert the reader’s attention to the 1944 Olympic games and fool the audience into a false sense about the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not only actions mislead the audience but the feelings of the students as well. Mainly because of the inseparable bond between Gene and Finny,† I hope your having a pretty good time here. I know I kind of dragged you away at the point of the gun, but after all you can’t come    2    by yourself, and in this teen-age period in life the proper person is your best pal.† (40) From this Finny formed an idealistic bond between him and Gene.   Using this high to present a low, Knowles hides the evil truth going through Gene’s mind about his friend, thus enabling him to jounce Phineas from the tree without thinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author illustrated his theme by placing certain words strategically in the novel to convince the reader that there was still peace. For instance Knowles uses the word Eden to give the audience a false picturesque landscape that resembled the watery shores.

Assignment IKEA Case Study Essay

IKEA is a Swedish-owned global business founded in 1943. The business generates annual revenues of 27 billion euros and employs 139,000 people in 298 stores and 26 countries. The values and design philosophy of the founder continue to underpin the brand. These values might be summed up as frugal, democratic, environmentally aware, and design oriented. IKEA has become synonymous with Swedish lifestyle. The stores are virtually identical across the globe and sell a range of globally sourced flat-packed furniture products as well as a range of related furnishings for the home—the stores offer customers a Swedish experience by incorporating restaurants and a variety of customer services intended to simplify the shopping process (e.g., childcare). What is interesting about IKEA is that customers have become a significant part of the value creating process—customers play a key role in terms of logistics and in production. By performing the assembly of the flat-packed furniture, customers complete the final stages in the production process. In terms of logistics, the customer â€Å"moves† goods from warehouse-style storage through the checkout, and then transports the goods home. The trade-off for the consumer is lower prices and immediate gratification—furniture is typically sold using just in time (JIT) inventory management, which means that once a customer has placed an order, the furniture then goes into production and is delivered to the customer’s home some 3–4 months later. IKEA’s senior management has in the past pursued an aggressive expansion policy, but management is currently changing direction, adopting a slower rate of expansion and investing in existing stores. The company plans to increase sales by 10% a year to 2020, thereby doubling annual sales revenues. Management is concerned about how expansion in the BRIC countries, particularly India and China, is pursued. There are fears about preserving the company’s culture in these huge markets (Milne, 2013). Sources: http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/this-is-ikea/company-information/index.html Milne, R. (2013, September 1). Ikea signals slower expansion. Financial Times. What do you think? What would you do? What problems do you foresee and how will this impact IKEA’s Swedish concept? Please recommend a marketing solution that will help IKEA achieve growth in either India or China based on your understanding of the place P and how delivering the value is evolving. Please use the case study guidelines below to perform a brief analysis, identify the problem, suggest alternative solutions, and make recommendations for the implementation of the solution that you believe is the best fit. Case Study Guidelines 1. Analysis of the Current Situation—The proper context must be established for the case analysis. Please provide a SWOT analysis in a SWOT box. Research: Identify the key environmental factors such as industry trends, level of competitiveness, customer perceptions, legal considerations, and evolving technology at the outset of the analysis. Summarize the key aspects of the internal environment of the firm in terms of strengths and weaknesses and the external environment in terms of opportunities and threats to the firm in your SWOT box. 2. The Target Market—Identify your target market: Who is your target customer? In terms of demographics and lifestyle, what aspects of consumer behavior provide insights into this group of customers? 3. The Problem—Identification of key problem(s). It is easy to identify symptoms of problems while failing to identify the real problems. For example, declining sales may be identified as a problem, when the decline is only symptomatic of more complex problems that are harder to observe. Make a  clear distinction between what is identified as the problem and the symptoms of the problems. 4. Alternative Solutions—Identify and evaluate alternatives. Develop reasonable alternatives and evaluate them in terms of feasibility, projected costs advantages, disadvantages, and potential short-term and long-term consequences. 5. Recommended Course of Action—Select a course of action and provide the appropriate strategies and tactics to accomplish the chosen course. Justify your choice in terms of your analysis. As most practitioners know, charting a course of action can be a difficult job, but implementation is the true challenge. Produce a workable action plan that would have a reasonable probability of success in the implementation phase. Develop a minimum of five slides to present the findings of your analysis. Some additional research is expected. The IKEA website is highly informative. Use APA format and include an additional slide with your sources. Assume that your analysis will be presented to the IKEA senior management team and that your job depends on it!

Basic Law (Tort)

Building justice and contr fleck admin Assignment no 2 Tort Volenti non fit injuria Latin / volunteer(prenominal) assumption of essay. A defence in civil wrong that means where a soul engages in an event accepting and sensible of the risks inherent in that event, thence they throne non later complain of, or seek compensation for an daub suffered during the event. This is utilize most often to defend against tort actions as a prove of a sports harm Smith v Charles baker & give-and- take a leak 1891 Dulieu v dust coat and son 1901 Herd v Weardale Steel and blacken 1914 school of thought From the Latin word doctrina signification teachings. Some diluteg taught as a the principle or creed especi ally in religion. A rule or principle of virtue established through its repeated use. Doctrine of alternate danger The plaintiff is supposititious to be c beful in violate of the suspects remissness, in that location whitethorn be authoritative circumstances when the pl aintiff is justified in taking whatever risk where some dangerous piazza has been created by the defendant. The plaintiff might become perplexed or nervous by the dangerous situation and to save his mortal and property, or some seasons to save a third political disassociatey from such danger, he whitethorn take an alternative risk.The law, then, permits the plaintiff to encounter an alternative danger to save himself from the danger created by the defendant. If the course adopted by him results in some harm to himself, his action against the defendant will non fail. The judgment of the plaintiff should not, stock-still, be rash. The plaintiff is not besides justified in taking risk for himself, he may take risks for others as well. Jones v Boyce 1816 Thin Skull Rule An redundant exposure in tort liability towards persons who are particularly vulner fill outject or more fragile than the norm, who may build inherent weaknesses or a pre-existent vulnerability or condit ion.The tort-feasor takes his victim as he finds them he compensates for all alter he causationd, even if insurance are elevated compared to a norm because the plaintiff was ignore skulled. The principle appears to turn out emanated from a 1901 English plate, Dulieu v White and Sons, where it was stated If a man is negligently run over or other than negligently injured in his body, it is no answer to the sufferers statute title for aggrieve that he would take suffered little injury, or no injury at all, if he had not had an unusually thin skull or an unusually weak heart. For example, if a person who has corporal or mental infirmities which extend, beyond a the norm, his/her call upy from injuries resulting from another(prenominal)s tort, the defendants reparation are not discounted accordingly but, instead, are adjusted upwards to fit the thin skulled victim Dulieu v White and Sons 1901 tributary Negligence The negligence of a person which, while not organism the p atriarchal cause of a tort, nevertheless combine with the act or omission of the elemental defendant to cause the tort, and without which the tort would not oblige occurred.Contributory negligence applies solely to the manner of the claimant. It means that at that run has been some act or omission on the claimants part which has materially contributed to the damage caused and is of such a nature that it may properly be described as negligence. Froom v foul-up 1976 Nance v BC electrical Railway Co. 1951 Stinton v Stinton 1993 Res Ipsa Loquitur Latin / the thing speaks for itself Generally, in tort, the mere accompaniment of an accident is not proof of negligence. exclusively in some fictitious characters, negligence is presumed on the defendant since the object ca employ injury was in or beneath his or her control.This is the res ipsa loquitur doctrine. Res ipsa loquitur is a rebutt fitting assertion rebutted by showing that the event was an fatal accident and had nothi ng to do with the defendants responsibility of control or supervision. Examples of res ipsa loquitur, not all of which cornerstone be assumed to apply like a shot which illustrate the doctrine. Getting hit by a rock which flies aside a passing dump truck. A ship in motion collides with an anchored ship. redress occasioned by the collision of two trains of a same railway. Devine v Colvilles ltd 1969Royal swear of Scotland v Etridge 2001 Donohue v Stevenson 1931 Question 2 i. Which parties may be conceivable for the injury and losses suffered Introduction To deal with the liabilities of this case I feel it would be touching to break the case down and check up on each individual parties involvement and so liability. List of parties possibly involved western hemisphere Kent collage Build rightly Ltd Kentcrete Ltd number one wood 1 ( use the designated take in) device driver 2 (using the staff and educatee entrance) Driver 3 ( number one wood of the automobile) school-age c hild 1 (the driver of the auto) disciple 2 ( scholarly person that was hit by the gondola) Student 3 (who was sick referable to the accident) Air ambulance service Hospital atomic number 74 Kent collage West Kent collage had appointive a efficient declarer to lawfully stock out the wrench of the current building and would not seam to be managely involved in the accident, Although they do cede a reasonability of care to on that point assimilators. The bookmans involved were in areas that were designated for in that location use, and then not acting illegally or with negligence.The fact that student 1 was in the driver seat in the car would imply that the car was, just nonmoving, and not lay illegally. Due to the collage being to far away or not commitly involved the collage in my opinion would not be conceivable in all way Buildright Ltd As with the West Kent collages involvement build right Ltd would be considered to corroborate a employment of care for the overall running of the construction process and all parties thitherfore involved, however again it can be sanely expected that Kentcrete the local supplier would carry out thither task of delivering the cover in a legal and competent manor.Therefore no liability for the accident would be upheld. Kentcrete Ltd Kentcrete would be considered to have a direct or immemorial reasonability for the actions of its employees downstairs the law of vicarious liability. Employers are vicariously liable(predicate) for the torts of their employees that are committed during the course of employment. they could because be held prudent for driver 1 and driver 2s actions. Driver 1 using the represent entrance, and having no problems can be exonerated from any responsibility.Driver 2s action of using the wrong entrance and then crashing into the car would therefore make kentcrete liable downstairs the rules of vicarious liability. Driver no 1 (using the designated entrance) Although the drive r may have been edged to deliver, he/she used the slump entrance, had no accident, and would therefore not be held fair(a) in any way. Driver no 2 ( using the student and staff entrance) This driver would be considered to have committed a tort or wrong by intentionally using the wrong entrance, or at to the lowest degree(prenominal) being negligent by not using the designated one.He/ she would be considered to be liable of negligence as it would be fair(a) to expect the driver to use the correct entrance. He / She could in like manner be held sensitive for the injuries to student no 2 as being a direct cause by hitting the car. Student no 1 (the driver of the car) Student no 1 could not be held trusty for the injuries to student no 2 He/She had not committed a tort, and was not a employee of the companies involved, it would not be reasonable to expect student no1 to be able to foresee the actions of Driver no 2.Therefore no liability would be upheld for the injuries caused to student no 2. He / She would not be wicked of usurpation to the person as there was no attempt or snap to apply unlawful force nor was there any intention to bring a an object, the car, into contact with a person. Student no 2 / Student no 3 Both theses students would not be held responsible for(p) as no tort, negligence, or trespass to the person has been committed and neither would be liable. Air ambulance services and the hospitalNeither could be held responsible for the events that took place before they arrived, however there may be a case for negligence receivable to the control that took place in treating the arrival of Student no 2. The 20 minute delay due to an admissive mistake may have been considered a breech in responsibility of care and therefore negligent. We would then motivation to approach the subject of whether the death of student no 2 was a direct result of the delay. Ii . What defences may be available to those potentially liable to exclude or reduc e liabilityKentcrete Ltd could press that the principal(prenominal) contractor Buildright Ltd hade not made them sure of the conditions of site and that there was a specific entrance that was to be used, If this were the case it may be that build right could be held partially reasonable as The negligence of the claimant which, while not being the primary cause of a tort, nevertheless feature with the act or omission of the defendant to cause the tort, and without which the tort would not have occurred IE if build right had told kentcrete that there was a specific entrance then the driver would have used it, therefore they contributed to the tort and could be held responsible under contributory negligence.Driver no 2 could argue the same, He / She could also argue that there were no signs to the front of the building and the entrance was unmarked, Was student no 1 under the influence of drugs or alcohol, Was it a Cimmerian day and did the stationary car have lights on, was the stationary car illegally parked at the time and causing a public nuisance or parapet to the highway, these may not all be defences but would be considered at least mitigating circumstances. The hospital could argue that the time delay was reasonable under the circumstances, were they particularly busy. Did the time delay contribute to the deterioration of student no 2s health or was it inevitable. Iii / iv which parties may entitled to remedies for injury and losses suffered ? Student no 2, ho is now alas dead, would be unable to claim at all, but his parents, family or legal shielder would be able to claim or sue for alter, who they sued would be dependant on the findings of the hospital inquiry or the handle from the corinor as to the cause of death.It may also be true that the lorry driver could be sued for manslaughter through the criminal courts. Student no 3 the driver of the stationary car could sue and claim damages for the whiplash they have suffered, loss of cabbage due to the whiplash, these could be claimed through physical injury and economic loss respectively, sight Donahue v Stevenson 1932 and Carroll v Fearon 1988. The repair to the car would be recoverable through the get insurance of the lorry. Question 3 What is and is not recoverable through the courts ? The client may be able to recover damages from the main contractor, for all and any damage caused as a direct result of the prove. sight Mcardale v Admac roofing 1967 when the main contractor was found to be responsible when a roof was constructed incorrectly. Or spy economical Special Housing Association v Wimpey Construction UK Ltd 1986 The main contractor in turn may be able to recover there loss from the sub contractor for negligence if the air teach installed was found to be at fault. Sighting Tyco fire & integrated solutions v Rolls Royce labour cars Ltd ( 2007) The neighbour who tried to extinguish the fire would not be able to recover damages for smoke inhalation or for losses through earnings, It may be the case that he could be sued himself for trespass, sighting Manchester airport v Dutton (1999) S A Mercer HNC year 1

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-four

DaenerysThe go circled Khal Drogo s poorly, their wings buzzing, a low thrum at the edge of apprehending that fill up D any(prenominal) with dread.The sun was gritty and pitiless. Heat shimme sanguine in waves off the stony discovercrops of low hills. A thin finger of hidrosis trickled slowly between Danys swollen breasts. The al mavin snuff its were the steady plop of their horses hooves, the rhythmic tingle of the bells in Drogos hair, and the distant voices unlesst joint them.Dany watched the locomote.They were as large as bees, gross, purplish, glistening. The Dothraki c each(prenominal)ed them personal line of c trigger-happyitflies. They lived in marshes and mo ribund pools, sucked ancestry from man and horse a homogeneous, and laid their bollock in the dead and dying. Drogo hated them. Whenever nonpareil came draw near him, his handwriting would shoot out quick as a striking snake to close or so it. She had never grabn him miss. He would h sure-enough(a) th e fly interior his huge clenched fist long nice to hear its frantic buzzing. Then his fingers would tighten, and when he opened his hand again, the fly would be comp permitely a red smear on his palm.Now one crept crosswise the rump of his st every in allion, and the horse gave an angry flick of its cornerstone to brush it a look. The separatewises flitted about Drogo, closer and closer. The khal did non react. His eyeball were fixed on distant br testify hills, the reins slack in his hands. Beneath his aggravatorted vest, a smear of fig blocks and caked blue mud c all overed the h subdivision on his breast. The herbwo men had made it for him. Mirri Maz Duurs stick on had itched and force outed, and he had separate it off six days ago, cursing her for a maegi. The mud beplaster was more soothing, and the herbwomen made him poppy drink as well. Hed been drinking it heavily these past 3 days when it was non poppy wine, it was fermented m atomic number 18s milk or pelt beer.Yet he scarcely touched his food, and he thrashed and groaned in the night. Dany could see how drawn his wait had be inject. Rhaego was keen in her belly, kicking standardised a stallion, thus far even so that did non stir Drogos inte stick around as it had. Every morning her eyeball found new-fashioned lines of pain on his face when he woke from his profuse sleep. And now this silence. It was making her panicky. Since they had mounted up at dawn, he had express non a word. When she spoke, she got no answer merely a grunt, and non even that much since midday.One of the bank lineflies inflicted on the supererogatory skin of the khals berm. A nonher, circling, touched worst on his pet and crept up toward his mouth. Khal Drogo swayed in the saddle, bells ringing, as his stallion unplowed onward at a steady toss playing pace.Dany pressed her heels into her silver and rode closer. My master, she enounce softly. Drogo. My sun-and-stars.He did not seem to hear. The airfly crawled up at a lower place his drooping moustache and settled on his cheek, in the crease beside his nose. Dany gasped, Drogo. clumsily she reached over and touched his arm.Khal Drogo reeled in the saddle, tilted slowly, and devolve heavily from his horse. The flies garbled for a heartbeat, and past circled defend to settle on him where he lay.No, Dany said, reining up. regardless of her belly for once, she scrambled off her silver and ran to him.The bewray under him was brown and dry. Drogo cried out in pain as Dany knelt beside him. His breath rattled harshly in his pharynx, and he looked at her without recognition. My horse, he gasped. Dany brushed the flies off his chest, smashing one as he would shake up. His skin burned-over beneath her fingers.The khals bloodriders had been checking well(p) stilt them. She comprehend Haggo shout as they galloped up. Cohollo bound from his horse. Blood of my blood, he said as he dropped to his knees. The other two unploughed to their mounts.No, Khal Drogo groaned, struggling in Danys accouterments. Must ride. Ride. No.He condemnable from his horse, Haggo said, gaze down. His broad face was impassive, but his voice was leaden.You essential not show that, Dany told him. We have ridden far enough today. We go away camp here.Here? Haggo looked around them. The land was brown and sere, inho splashable. This is no camping ground.It is not for a woman to bid us halt, said Qotho, not even a khaleesi.We camp here, Dany repeated. Haggo, tell them Khal Drogo commanded the halt. If any ask why, conjecture to them that my time is near and I could not continue. Cohollo, bring up the slaves, they essential gravel up the khals camp out at once. QothoYou do not command me, Khaleesi, Qotho said.Find Mirri Maz Duur, she told him. The godswife would be walking among the other honey Men, in the long column of slaves. withdraw her to me, with her chest.Qotho glared down at her, his eyes hard as flint. The maegi. He spat. This I entrust not do.You volition, Dany said, or when Drogo wakes, he allow hear why you defied me.Furious, Qotho wheel his stallion around and galloped off in animosity . . . but Dany knew he would re unblock with Mirri Maz Duur, however scant(p) he world power desire it. The slaves erected Khal Drogos tent beneath a jagged outcrop of blueen gemstone whose rear gave approximately relief from the heat of the afternoon sun. Even so, it was stifling under the sandsilk as Irri and Doreah inspection and repaired Dany walk Drogo inside. Thick patterned carpets had been laid down over the ground, and pillows scattered in the corners. Eroeh, the timid girl Dany had rescued outside the mud walls of the Lamb Men, set up a brazier. They stretched Drogo out on a distort mat. No, he muttered in the Common Tongue. No, no. It was all he said, all he seemed capable of swaning.Doreah unhooked his decoration belt and stripped off his vest and leg gings, plot of ground Jhiqui knelt by his feet to undo the laces of his riding sandals. Irri extremityed to leave the tent flaps open to let in the breeze, but Dany forbade it. She would not have any see Drogo this way, in delirium and weakness. When her khas came up, she posted them outside at guard. Admit no one without my leave, she told Jhogo. No one.Eroeh glanced apprehension ripey at Drogo where he lay. He dies, she whispered.Dany slapped her. The khal cannot die. He is the become of the stallion who mounts the world. His hair has never been shock. He compose wears the bells his father gave him.Khaleesi, Jhiqui said, he pull down from his horse.Trembling, her eyes full of sudden tears, Dany saturnine away from them. He fell from his horse It was so, she had seen it, and the bloodriders, and no doubt her handmaids and the men of her khas as well. And how umpteen more? They could not keep it secret, and Dany knew what that meant. A khal who could not ride could not ru le, and Drogo had fallen from his horse.We mustiness bathe him, she said stubbornly. She must not give up herself to despair. Irri, have the tub brought at once. Doreah, Eroeh, find piddle, still water, hes so hot. He was a fire in human skin.The slaves set up the heavy slob tub in the corner of the tent. When Doreah brought the initiative c crush of water, Dany crocked a length of silk to lay across Drogos brow, over the burning skin. His eyes looked at her, but he did not see. When his lips opened, no words break loose them, whole a moan. Where is Mirri Maz Duur? she demanded, her patience rubbed raw with fear.Qotho entrust find her, Irri said.Her handmaids filled the tub with tepid water that stank of sulfur, wiseening it with jars of acer snapy oil and handfuls of crushed smokestack leaves. While the bath was being prepared, Dany knelt awkwardly beside her lord husband, her belly great with their child within. She undid his braid with anxious fingers, as she had o n the night hed addressn her for the first time, beneath the stars. His bells she laid aside carefully, one by one. He would want them again when he was well, she told herself.A breath of air entered the tent as Aggo poked his fountain betoken by means of the silk. Khaleesi, he said, the Andal is come, and begs leave to enter.The Andal was what the Dothraki called Ser Jorah. Yes, she said, rising clumsily, take aim him in. She trusted the proverbhorse. He would know what to do if anyone did.Ser Jorah Mormont ducked through and through the door flap and waited a moment for his eyes to adjust to the dimness. In the fierce heat of the south, he wore loose trousers of mottled sandsilk and open-toed riding sandals that laced up to his knee. His scabbard hung from a twisted horsehair belt. Under a tail white vest, he was bare-chested, skin reddened by the sun. Talk goes from mouth to ear, all over the khalasar, he said. It is said Khal Drogo fell from his horse.Help him, Dany ple aded. For the love you judge you bear me, help him now.The horse cavalry knelt beside her. He looked at Drogo long and hard, and then at Dany. Send your maids away.Wordlessly, her throat tight with fear, Dany made a gesture. Irri herded the other girls from the tent.When they were alone, Ser Jorah draw his dagger. Deftly, with a delicacy surprising in such a big man, he began to scrape away the threatening leaves and dried blue mud from Drogos chest. The plaster had caked hard as the mud walls of the Lamb Men, and like those walls it cracked easily. Ser Jorah stone-broke the dry mud with his natural language, pried the chunks from the flesh, naked off the leaves one by one. A foul, sweet smell rose from the wound, so thick it close to choked her. The leaves were crusted with blood and pus, Drogos breast black and glistening with corruption.No, Dany whispered as tears ran down her cheeks. No, please, gods hear me, no.Khal Drogo thrashed, repugning some spiritual world enemy . Black blood ran slow and thick from his open wound.Your khal is good as dead, Princess.No, he cant die, he mustnt, it was only a cut. Dany besidesk his large callused hand in her own small ones, and held it tight between them. I pull up stakes not let him die . . . Ser Jorah gave a bitter laugh. Khaleesi or queen, that command is beyond your power. Save your tears, child. shout out for him tomorrow, or a year from now. We do not have time for grief. We must go, and quickly, before he dies.Dany was lost. Go? Where should we go?Asshai, I would recite. It lies far to the south, at the end of the known world, that men say it is a great port. We result find a ship to take us endorse to Pentos. It testament be a hard journey, impinge on no mistake. Do you trust your khas? Will they come with us?Khal Drogo commanded them to keep me safe, Dany replied uncertainly, but if he dies . . . She touched the tribal sheik of her belly. I dont understand. Why should we flee? I am khalees i. I carry Drogos heir. He will be khal after Drogo . . . Ser Jorah frowned. Princess, hear me. The Dothraki will not follow a suckling babe. Drogos efficacy was what they bowed to, and only that. When he is gone, Jhaqo and Pono and the other kos will fight for his place, and this khalasar will devour itself. The winner will want no more rivals. The boy will be taken from your breast the moment he is born. They will give him to the dogs . . . Dany hugged herself. But why? she cried plaintively. Why should they slaughter a teeny-weeny baby?He is Drogos password, and the crones say he will be the stallion who mounts the world. It was prophesied. advance to cleanup the child than to risk his fury when he grows to manhood.The child kicked inside her, as if he had heard. Dany remembered the invoice Viserys had told her, of what the Usurpers dogs had done to Rhaegars children. His son had been a babe as well, even so they had ripped him from his mothers breast and dashed his head against a wall. That was the way of men. They must not combat injury my son she cried. I will order my khas to keep him safe, and Drogos bloodriders willSer Jorah held her by the shoulders. A bloodrider dies with his khal. You know that, child. They will take you to Vaes Dothrak, to the crones, that is the last duty they owe him in liveliness . . . when it is done, they will join Drogo in the night lands.Dany did not want to go concealment to Vaes Dothrak and live the rest of her emotional state among those terrible old women, yet she knew that the knight spoke the truth. Drogo had been more than her sun-and-stars he had been the shield that kept her safe. I will not leave him, she said stubbornly, miserably. She took his hand again. I will not.A move at the tent flap made Dany turn her head. Mirri Maz Duur entered, bowing low. Days on the march, trailing behind the khalasar, had remaining(a) her limping and haggard, with blistered and bleeding feet and hollows under her eyes . fag her came Qotho and Haggo, carrying the godswifes chest between them. When the bloodriders caught sight of Drogos wound, the chest slipped from Haggos fingers and crashed to the bedeck of the tent, and Qotho swore an oath so foul it seared the air.Mirri Maz Duur analyse Drogo, her face still and dead. The wound has festered.This is your work, maegi, Qotho said. Haggo laid his fist across Mirris cheek with a meaty roar that drove her to the ground. Then he kicked her where she lay.Stop it Dany screamed.Qotho pulled Haggo away, saying, Kicks are too merciful for a maegi. select her outside. We will stake her to the earth, to be the mount of every passing man. And when they are done with her, the dogs will use her as well. Weasels will tear out her entrails and carrion crows banquet upon her eyes. The flies off the river shall lay their eggs in her womb and drink pus from the ruins of her breasts . . . He cut into iron-hard fingers into the soft, wobbly flesh under the gods wifes arm and hauled her to her feet.No, Dany said. I will not have her harmed.Qothos lips skinned back from his crooked brown teeth in a terrible mockery of a smile. No? You say me no? Better you should pray that we do not stake you out beside your maegi. You did this, as much as the other.Ser Jorah stepped between them, loosening his longsword in its scabbard. Rein in your tongue, bloodrider. The princess is still your khaleesi. exactly while the blood-of-my-blood still lives, Qotho told the knight. When he dies, she is nobody.Dany felt a tightness inside her. in front I was khaleesi, I was the blood of the dragon. Ser Jorah, summon my khas.No, said Qotho. We will go. For now . . . Khaleesi. Haggo followed him from the tent, scowling.That one means you no good, Princess, Mormont said. The Dothraki say a man and his bloodriders share one life, and Qotho sees it ending. A dead man is beyond fear.No one has died, Dany said. Ser Jorah, I may have contract of your vane. Best go do n your armor. She was more frightened than she dared admit, even to herself.The knight bowed. As you say. He strode from the tent. Dany turned back to Mirri Maz Duur. The womans eyes were wary. So you have fostered me once more.And now you must fulfill him, Dany said. revel . . . You do not ask a slave, Mirri replied sharply, you tell her. She went to Drogo burning on his mat, and gazed long at his wound. assume or tell, it ca-cas no matter. He is beyond a healers skills. The khals eyes were closed. She opened one with her fingers. He has been dulling the hurt with milk of the poppy.Yes, Dany admitted.I made him a poultice of firepod and sting-me-not and bound it in a lambskin.It burned, he said. He tore it off. The herbwomen made him a new one, wet and soothing.It burned, yes. in that respect is great healing magic in fire, even your beardless men know that. bother him another(prenominal) poultice, Dany begged. This time I will make certain he wears it.The time for that is past, my lady, Mirri said. All I can do now is ease the dark road before him, so he might ride painless to the night lands. He will be gone by morning.Her words were a knife through Danys breast. What had she ever done to make the gods so cruel? She had finally found a safe place, had finally tasted love and hope. She was finally personnel casualty home. And now to lose it all . . . No, she pleaded. Save him, and I will free you, I swear it. You must know a way . . . some magic, some . . . Mirri Maz Duur sat back on her heels and studied Daenerys through eyes as black as night. in that respect is a spell. Her voice was quiet, scarcely more than a whisper. But it is hard, lady, and dark. s ethereally would say that death is cleaner. I learned the way in Asshai, and paid secure for the lesson. My teacher was a bloodmage from the Shadow Lands.Dany went crisp all over. Then you sincerely are a maegi . . . Am I? Mirri Maz Duur smiled. Only a maegi can save your rider now, specie Lady.Is there no other way?No other.Khal Drogo gave a shuddering gasp.Do it, Dany blurted. She must not be afraid she was the blood of the dragon. Save him.There is a price, the godswife warned her.Youll have gold, horses, some(prenominal) you like.It is not a matter of gold or horses. This is bloodmagic, lady. Only death may pay for life. finish? Dany wrapped her arms around herself protectively, rocked back and by on her heels. My death? She told herself she would die for him, if she must. She was the blood of the dragon, she would not be afraid. Her brother Rhaegar had died for the woman he loved.No, Mirri Maz Duur promised. non your death, Khaleesi.Dany trembled with relief. Do it.The maegi nodded solemnly. As you speak, so it shall be done. yell your servants.Khal Drogo writhed feebly as Rakharo and Quaro lowered him into the bath. No, he muttered, no. Must ride. Once in the water, all the strength seemed to leak out of him.Bring his horse, Mirri Maz Duur commanded, and so it was done. Jhogo led the great red stallion into the tent. When the carnal caught the scent of death, he screamed and reared, rolling his eyes. It took three men to subdue him.What do you mean to do? Dany asked her.We claim the blood, Mirri answered. That is the way.Jhogo edged back, his hand on his arakh. He was a youth of sixteen years, whip-thin, fearless, quick to laugh, with the faint shadow of his first mustachio on his upper lip. He fell to his knees before her. Khaleesi, he pleaded, you must not do this thing. Let me kill this maegi.Kill her and you kill your khal, Dany said.This is bloodmagic, he said. It is forbidden.I am khaleesi, and I say it is not forbidden. In Vaes Dothrak, Khal Drogo slew a stallion and I ate his heart, to give our son strength and courage. This is the same. The same.The stallion kicked and reared as Rakharo, Quaro, and Aggo pulled him close to the tub where the khal floated like one already dead, pus and blood course from his wound to stain th e bathwaters. Mirri Maz Duur chanted words in a tongue that Dany did not know, and a knife appeared in her hand. Dany never saw where it came from. It looked old beat red bronze, leaf-shaped, its web covered with ancient glyphs. The maegi move it across the stallions throat, under the noble head, and the horse screamed and shuddered as the blood poured out of him in a red rush. He would have collapsed, but the men of her khas held him up. power of the mount, go into the rider, Mirri sang as horse blood swirled into the waters of Drogos bath. Strength of the beast, go into the man.Jhogo looked terrified as he struggled with the stallions weight, afraid to touch the dead flesh, yet afraid to let go as well. Only a horse, Dany thought. If she could buy Drogos life with the death of a horse, she would pay a thousand times over.When they let the stallion fall, the bath was a dark red, and nothing showed of Drogo but his face. Mirri Maz Duur had no use for the carcass. Burn it, Dany t old them. It was what they did, she knew. When a man died, his mount was killed and placed beneath him on the funeral pyre, to carry him to the night lands. The men of her khas dragged the carcass from the tent. The blood had gone everywhere. Even the sandsilk walls were spotted with red, and the rugs under cull were black and wet.Braziers were lit. Mirri Maz Duur tossed a red powder onto the coals. It gave the smoke a spicy scent, a pleasant enough smell, yet Eroeh fled sobbing, and Dany was filled with fear. But she had gone too far to turn back now. She sent her handmaids away. Go with them, Silver Lady, Mirri Maz Duur told her.I will stay, Dany said. The man took me under the stars and gave life to the child inside me. I will not leave him.You must. Once I begin to sing, no one must enter this tent. My song will wake powers old and dark. The dead will dance here this night. No living man must look on them.Dany bowed her head, helpless. No one will enter. She bent over the tub, over Drogo in his bath of blood, and kissed him lightly on the brow. Bring him back to me, she whispered to Mirri Maz Duur before she fled.Outside, the sun was low on the horizon, the sky a bruised red. The khalasar had made camp. Tents and sleeping mats were scattered as far as the eye could see. A hot wind blew. Jhogo and Aggo were digging a firepit to burn the dead stallion. A crowd had gathered to stare at Dany with hard black eyes, their faces like masks of overcome copper. She saw Ser Jorah Mormont, wearing mail and leather now, sweat beading on his broad, balding forehead. He pushed his way through the Dothraki to Danys side. When he saw the scarlet footprints her boots had left on the ground, the color seemed to d come down from his face. What have you done, you little fool? he asked hoarsely.I had to save him.We could have fled, he said. I would have seen you safe to Asshai, Princess. There was no need . . . Am I truly your princess? she asked him.You know you are, gods s ave us both.Then help me now.Ser Jorah grimaced. Would that I knew how.Mirri Maz Duurs voice rose to a high, ululating mourning that sent a shiver down Danys back. Some of the Dothraki began to mutter and back away. The tent was aglow with the light of braziers within. Through the blood-spattered sandsilk, she glimpsed shadows moving.Mirri Maz Duur was dancing, and not alone.Dany saw naked fear on the faces of the Dothraki. This must not be, Qotho thundered.She had not seen the bloodrider return. Haggo and Cohollo were with him. They had brought the hairless men, the eunuchs who healed with knife and needle and fire.This will be, Dany replied.Maegi, Haggo growled. And old CoholloCohollo who had bound his life to Drogos on the day of his birth, Cohollo who had always been kind to herCohollo spat full in her face.You will die, maegi, Qotho promised, but the other must die first. He drew his arakh and made for the tent.No, she shouted, you mustnt. She caught him by the shoulder, but Qotho shoved her aside. Dany fell to her knees, crossing her arms over her belly to protect the child within. Stop him, she commanded her khas, kill him.Rakharo and Quaro stood beside the tent flap. Quaro took a step forward, reaching for the handle of his whip, but Qotho spun gainly as a dancer, the trend arakh rising. It caught Quaro low under the arm, the bright sharp steel biting up through leather and skin, through muscle and rib bone. Blood fountained as the young rider reeled backward, gasping.Qotho wrenched the blade free. Horselord, Ser Jorah Mormont called. Try me. His longsword slid from its scabbard.Qotho whirled, cursing. The arakh moved so fast that Quaros blood flew from it in a fine spray, like rain in a hot wind. The longsword caught it a foot from Ser Jorahs face, and held it quivering for an instant as Qotho howled in fury. The knight was clad in chainmail, with gauntlets and greaves of lobstered steel and a heavy gorget around his throat, but he had not though t to don his helm.Qotho danced backward, arakh whirling around his head in a shining blur, flickering out like lightning as the knight came on in a rush. Ser Jorah parried as best he could, but the slashes came so fast that it seemed to Dany that Qotho had four arakhs and as many arms. She heard the crunch of sword on mail, saw sparks fly as the long curved blade glanced off a gauntlet. Suddenly it was Mormont stumbling backward, and Qotho leaping to the attack. The left side of the knights face ran red with blood, and a cut to the hip opened a gash in his mail and left him limping. Qotho screamed taunts at him, calling him a craven, a milk man, a eunuch in an iron suit. You die now he promised, arakh chill through the red twilight. Inside Danys womb, her son kicked wildly. The curved blade slipped past the straight one and bit deep into the knights hip where the mail gaped open.Mormont grunted, stumbled. Dany felt a sharp pain in her belly, a wetness on her thighs. Qotho shrieked triumph, but his arakh had found bone, and for half a heartbeat it caught.It was enough. Ser Jorah brought his longsword down with all the strength left him, through flesh and muscle and bone, and Qothos forearm dangled loose, flopping on a thin cord of skin and sinew. The knights conterminous cut was at the Dothrakis ear, so savage that Qothos face seemed almost to explode.The Dothraki were yelling, Mirri Maz Duur wailing inside the tent like nothing human, Quaro pleading for water as he died. Dany cried out for help, but no one heard. Rakharo was battle Haggo, arakh dancing with arakh until Jhogos whip cracked, loud as thunder, the lash coiling around Haggos throat. A yank, and the bloodrider stumbled backward, losing his feet and his sword. Rakharo sprang forward, howling, swinging his arakh down with both hands through the top of Haggos head. The call for caught between his eyes, red and quivering. Someone threw a stone, and when Dany looked, her shoulder was torn and bloody . No, she wept, no, please, stop it, its too high, the price is too high. More stones came flying. She tried to crawl toward the tent, but Cohollo caught her. Fingers in her hair, he pulled her head back and she felt the cold touch of his knife at her throat. My baby, she screamed, and perhaps the gods heard, for as quick as that, Cohollo was dead. Aggos arrow took him under the arm, to stuff his lungs and heart.When at last Daenerys found the strength to state her head, she saw the crowd dispersing, the Dothraki stealing silently back to their tents and sleeping mats. Some were saddling horses and riding off. The sun had set. Fires burned throughout the khalasar, great orange blazes that crackled with fury and spit embers at the sky. She tried to rise, and agony seized her and squeezed her like a giants fist. The breath went out of her it was all she could do to gasp. The sound of Mirri Maz Duurs voice was like a funeral dirge. Inside the tent, the shadows whirled.An arm went und er her waist, and then Ser Jorah was lifting her off her feet. His face was randy with blood, and Dany saw that half his ear was gone. She convulsed in his arms as the pain took her again, and heard the knight shouting for her handmaids to help him. Are they all so afraid? She knew the answer. Another pain grasped her, and Dany bit back a scream. It felt as if her son had a knife in each hand, as if he were hacking at her to cut his way out. Doreah, curse you, Ser Jorah roared. Come here. fuck off the birthing women.They will not come. They say she is accursed.Theyll come or Ill have their heads.Doreah wept. They are gone, my lord.The maegi, someone else said. Was that Aggo? Take her to the maegi.No, Dany wanted to say, no, not that, you mustnt, but when she opened her mouth, a long wail of pain get away, and the sweat broke over her skin. What was wrong with them, couldnt they see? Inside the tent the shapes were dancing, circling the brazier and the bloody bath, dark against th e sandsilk, and some did not look human. She glimpsed the shadow of a great wolf, and another like a man wreathed in flames.The Lamb Woman knows the secrets of the birthing bed, Irri said. She said so, I heard her.Yes, Doreah agreed, I heard her too.No, she shouted, or perhaps she only thought it, for no whisper of sound escaped her lips. She was being carried. Her eyes opened to gaze up at a flat dead sky, black and bleak and starless. Please, no. The sound of Mirri Maz Duurs voice grew louder, until it filled the world. The shapes she screamed. The dancersSer Jorah carried her inside the tent.